Code-switching and the use of different varieties of English in blogs in a multilingual context

Code-exchanging and the utilization of various assortments of English in online journals in a multilingual setting Unique This task paper endeavors to justify the reasons with respect to why code-exchanging and various assortments of English are utilized in web journals among youthful grown-ups who are capable in the language. The assortments that were found in each of the 6 contextual investigation web journals contrast particularly in style and structure, extending anyplace from everyday to formal, or written in syntactically right English to basic utilization of the language alongside mellow to substantial code-exchanging. Three significant inquiries were brought and replied up in the paper, specifically I) what are the assortments of dialects utilized in the web journals? ii) to what degree does the code-exchanging occur (for example word, sentence level)? also, iii) what are the explanations behind the events of the code-exchanging? 1. Presentation â€Å"The articulation of ones origination waits in the psyche and in the heart as it does in ones speech† Rochefoucauld, Maximes, 342 Web journals are at present a developing pattern, particularly among the more youthful age who are innovatively keen. Keeping up a blog is just about a standard and to certain individuals, something that they can't live without. Huge numbers of these adolescents view writes as their methods for communicating their feeling of autonomy and independence. It is their private world a spot where they can express their real thoughts without anybody addressing them (ignoring occasions of remarks being left by perusers). In any case, much the same as the essayists themselves who are unique in relation to each other, the language assortments that are utilized in these online journals contrast particularly in style and structure, mirroring the authors independence. The language can go from being informal to formal, or in situations where the authors are multilingual, show occurrences of overwhelming code-exchanging. These explanations behind code-exchanging could go from attempting to make a feeling of significance about a specific point or individual, to just needing to reflect ones independence and foundation by utilizing certain articulations that are expected to prohibit or incorporate certain discourse networks. For instance, a blog written in the Malayalam language is implied distinctly for perusers who can peruse and write in the language, and in this manner not with the end goal of general review. This investigation endeavors to inspect the utilization of code-exchanging in certain Malaysian online journals and look at the potential purposes behind code-exchanging by people who are capable in English. 2. Writing Review Haugen (1953, p.7) characterizes bilingualism as a wonder where â€Å"the speaker of one language can deliver total important expressions in the other language†. As featured in Hakuta (1986), Mackey (1967) has additionally asserted that â€Å"bilingualism, a long way from being outstanding, is a difficult which influences most of the universes population† (p.11). This is an explanation that I don't completely concur on, on the grounds that bilingualism ought not be viewed as an issue, yet progressively an impression of fast globalization and an undeniably borderless world. Hakuta (1986, p.10) likewise clarifies that â€Å"the story of bilingualism is to some degree about the changing points of view of social researchers, changes that happen not just as an element of patterns in the calling yet as a component of patterns in the public arena as a whole†. This is something very applicable to the subject of bilingualism as it has a great deal to do with the changing points of view of society and how it truly works as a pattern. In Paradiss (Ed.) (1978), it is guaranteed that â€Å"†¦since the job of individual peculiar components is by all accounts a significant part of code-exchanging, in that among gatherings of around equivalent bilingual capacities, some code-switch more than others, a total assurance of the adequate conditions for code-exchanging likely lies past the range of social sciences†. Paradis (1978) likewise further expressed that â€Å"within a given etymological network, there seems, by all accounts, to be no single lot of standards that decides how frequently, inside a solitary sentence, dialects may moved, nor what number of words or syllables must intercede between switches†. This is exceptionally evident if bilingual networks, for example, inside the Malaysian setting are watched, where the vast majority of the individuals are multilingual and code-exchanging is a nearly sub-cognizant piece of their lives. Dopke (1992), claims that â€Å"[c]ode-exchanging can emerge because of changes to the members in a discussion, the setting, the talk type or the theme or by the speakers need to underline or explain a point, to draw in or hold the consideration of the audience, to cite another person or to just avoid or incorporate explicit audiences†. For instance, Pillai (2008) shows that code-exchanging in this setting is identified with the idea of intensity and solidarity, and reflects ones character inside a network. Adler (1977, p.154), calls attention to that if an individual were to learn â€Å"a language in his nation of origin, and learns it well, he will be influenced by it to some extent†. Adler (1977, p.154) further adds that â€Å"he should assimilate in any event part of the way of life of the general public whose language he learnsspeaking the language with locals won't just impeccable his insight yet he will likewise change [code-switch] more than would be the situation otherwise†. This is because of the impact of different dialects in his condition which influences his essential language. This hypothesis would be utilized as the hypothetical system in the investigation of information from the contextual analysis online journals utilized for this task paper. In an investigation on the utilization of Tagalog-English in online journals composed by Filipino bloggers, Smedley (2006) summed up that â€Å"†¦switching isn't just a result of how speakers take care of the systematic creation of discussion, yet in addition a result of how they take care of the characteristic heteroglossic nature of language and endeavor their phonetic collection maximally to make their correspondence as successful as could reasonably be expected, and to build and arrange numerous identities†. This is demonstrated when an individual code-change to additionally intricate and explain implications through correspondence with others around them, for instance when utilizing certain terms or expressions one of a kind to a specific vernacular language in a transcendently English discussion. This is a hidden reason of which I will endeavor to look at in this investigation. Pillai (2008) likewise brings up that exchanging can be at the smaller scale level of highlight exchanging in the Malaysian setting where speakers don't change language assortment however put on an alternate ethnic emphasize to reflect ones character inside a network for example to be remembered for different discourse networks. It is likewise called attention to by Ibrahim (2005, refered to in Pillai 2008) that there exists a â€Å"desire to utilize our own image of English to build a feeling of having a place and identity†¦Ã¢â‚¬  ; and â€Å"†¦to stress solidarity or something else, and to impart a specific position or emotion†. This is another fundamental reason in regards to code-exchanging that this examination attemps to investigate. Additionally, Lipski (2008) talks about the feeling of way of life as observed inside the setting of code-exchanging and bilingualism. This examination will be founded on the two presumptions. The first is the suspicion by Adler (1977, p.154), that if an individual were to learn â€Å"a language in his nation of origin, and learns it well, he will be influenced by it to some extent†. Adler further adds that â€Å"He should ingest in any event part of the way of life of the general public whose language he learnsspeaking the language with locals won't just impeccable his insight yet he will likewise change [code-switch] more than would be the situation otherwise†. The second would be a theories by Smedley (2006) where he asserts that â€Å"†¦switching isn't only a result of how speakers take care of the methodical creation of discussion, yet in addition a result of how they take care of the inalienable heteroglossic nature of language and endeavor their phonetic collection maximally to make their correspondence as powerful as could reasonably be expected, and to develop and arrange various identities†. 3. Point This exploration means to look at the degree of code-exchanging in web journals composed by people who are capable in the English Language, and to decide the potential explanations behind code-exchanging. According to these points, the exploration addresses that are tended to by this investigation are as per the following: 1. What are the assortments of dialects utilized in the online journals? 2. What exactly degree does the code-exchanging happen (for example word, sentence level)? 3. What are the purposes behind the events of the code-exchanging? 4. Philosophy So as to acquire the important information for this examination paper, six (6) online journals were picked three web journals each from authors of the two significant ethnic gatherings in Malaysia, to be specific Chinese and Malays. The essayists of every one of the six web journals that were picked are first, second and third year English significant understudies from the Faculty of Languages and Linguistics, University of Malaya. The fundamental explanation regarding why just English significant understudies were picked is on the grounds that they are capable in the language, and along these lines would give fascinating information which may give answers to the exploration addresses raised. Every one of the six web journals were dissected to inspect the assortments of dialects utilized, and the degree to which they were utilized just as the purposes behind the code-exchanging. The investigation was done dependent on two levels; I) intra-language (varieties inside English) code-exchanging at word and sentence level and ii) between language code-exchanging at word and sentence level. 5. Discoveries Discussion For this examination, just information (blog sections) from the long stretches of July to December 2008 were taken a gander at and broke down. This is with the goal that the information gained isn't excessively expansive or excessively broad, rather bringing up explicit subtleties which would help in the investigation of information. Three web journals by Malay bloggers and another three online journals by

Emily Dickinson Essay -- essays research papers

An Analytical Essay on Emily Dickinson Emily Dickinson was a lady who lived in times that are increasingly conventional; her background impact and help us to comprehend the emotional and lovely lines in her composition. In spite of the fact that Dickinson’s verse can regularly be characterized as pitiful and grouchy, we can discover the utilization of silliness and incongruity in a large number of her sonnets. By taking a gander at the diversion and mockery found in three of Dickinson’s sonnets, "Success Is Counted Sweetest", "I am Nobody", and "Some prop the Sabbath Up to Church", one can analyze every sonnet show how Dickinson utilized cleverness and incongruity for the double reasons for lighthearted element and to stretch a thought or decision about her life and the earth in the every sonnet. Emily Dickinson was conceived in Amherst Massachusetts; a little cultivating town that had a school and a cap manufacturing plant. There, she was brought up in a severe Calvinist family unit while getting the greater part of her training at a live-in school that followed the American Puritanical custom. She only occasionally left her old neighborhood; for all intents and purposes, her solitary contact with her companions came to be made through letters. As a young lady, Dickinson dismissed encouraging customs, opposed male position, and wrestled alone with her complex and frequently opposite feelings. In spite of the fact that she was professed to be a cheerful and dynamic young lady, Dickinson started to pull back from society in the 1850's. The numerous misfortunes she encountered for an amazing duration, the demise of her dad, mother, close neighbors, and fr...

To whom much is given

To whom much is given… Much is expected. I cant tell you how many times I have heard, thought or uttered some portion of that phrase over the course of the past few weeks. I can tell you with a fair level of certainty that it is just as true in college admission circles as it is anywhere else that it might be used. Let me be frank. Any serious applicant to MIT has been given much. That does not mean that everyone has received in equal measure, but that each and every applicant has been given a lifetimes worth of opportunities and has made choices about how to use those opportunities. I wont belabor the point, as my position on the matter is well established. Suffice it to say, we may look just as favorably on the trajectory and distance travelled as we do on the heights achieved. I think our admission decisions reflect this value. In short order, our decisions will be released and the inevitable armchair quarterbacking will begin. I dont begrudge the post decision analysis, as much as the post decision paralysis. I know that the analysis is a big part of trying to process the outcome of a journey that a great deal of emotional energy has been invested into. Regardless of the outcome, the real work is just beginning. An admission decision, as accomplished as any applicant may be, is ultimately less about what has been achieved and more about what is likely to be achieved. If you receive an offer of admission from MIT or any of the other excellent schools that you have applied to, you have an obligation not simply to avoid squandering the opportunity, but rather to fully capitalize on it. As much as I would like to say that you need to validate the faith that the admissions officers showed in you when they selected you for admission, it is not really the admission staff that you owe a debt of gratitude (although it probably wouldnt kill you to say thank you). Just as you have poured yourselves completely into this process, to help us identify who will most benefit from and contribute to this community, so to have the people in your lives poured themselves into you. Inevitably, the range of ones personal support network is going to vary, but I don’t think that you could have made it this far if you didnt have someone in your corner. For some it is a parent, sibling or other relative. For others it is a friend, teacher, coach or neighbor.  For you it could be someone else entirely. Regardless of who your advocates are, let them know that you appreciate what they have done to help you get to where you are, not only by telling them so, but also by demonstrating that you understand that much is expected from those to whom much is given.

Transgender Rights In Pakistan - Free Essay Example

People who identify as transgender often have been, and still are mistreated and discriminated against throughout the world. Discrimination against any group of people usually stems from a lack of knowledge and understanding when it comes to who that person, or people, on a fundamental level. Identifying as transgender is described as a person whose sense of personal identity and gender does not correspond with their birth sex. This can be a hard and difficult truth to come to terms with for many young men and women who deny that they are born to be and lead normal lives in an attempt to suppress who they truly are. (?) Those in the community who have accepted and recognized themselves completely, often go through painful surgeries to be closer to the gender they identify as. For example, this is the case for young transgender women in Pakistan, who complete transitional surgeries without anesthesia. It takes an immense amount of courage and bravery to stand up in front of the people they love and share their innermost thoughts. With the social stigma surrounding transgenders in Pakistan many young people are shunned from their families and denied basic rights due to gender that they have chosen. Recently, Transgender rights in Pakistan were essentially nonexistent. Not only were transgender rights not established, but also no lesbian, gay, or bisexual rights implemented at all. In Pakistan, which is deeply set in religious and conservative values, many LGBT rights were and still are widely considered taboo. This belief is unfortunately nothing new, the Pakistan Penal Code of 1860, developed under colonialism, punishes sodomy with a possible prison sentence under the guise of protecting public morality and order. Although this act is not uniformly prosecuted in the country the LGBT community must go about their normal lives in secret. People identifying as someone of the LGBT community are still able to organize, date, and live together as couples but must do so in secret due to the discrimination, disapproval, and social stigma stemming from oppressive religious beliefs. These beliefs are widely held in leadership roles throughout the country with no civil rights laws to pro hibit discrimination and harassment on the basis of sexual orientation or gender identity. This is, of course, also held in laws permitting same sex marriage or civil unions. The thought of transgender rights were considered laughable by the majority of people in Pakistan. Transgenders were nothing but a bad omen that could curse a business or a person, people who were nothing more than freaks of nature whose place was to dance for the entertainment of others. People identifying with a third gender are often denied jobs, places to live, and sometimes even simple services. A transgender activist, by the name of Alisha, was shot six times and when brought to a hospital by her friend Farzana Jan. Died as the doctors debated for hours over which ward to treat her in, male or female. Ms. Jan, who identifies as intersex, received her fair share of mistreatment by her peers and even teachers, who would make her dance in the middle of the classroom while her peers laughed and watched. Transgender women are subject to such discrimination that in most cases, the only form of compensation they can receive is through prostitution and begging. Media organizations that have been focused on this issue have brought this knowledge to the general public. As a matter of fact, The New York Times spoke of the lives transgender men and women lead and how people perceive those who fall under the term khawaja siras. This is an umbrella term dating back centuries denoting a third sex that includes eunuchs, cross-dressers, and intersex people, as well as transgender men and women. Young people shunned by their families and subjected to systematic discrimination usually leave everything and everyone they know to live under the protecting the khwaja siras communities provide. Although these communities give persecuted individuals the gift of protection and community, the different laws they govern themselves under are often oppressive and exploitive. The khawaja siras follow a mother figure, called a guru, who offers said protection and shelter at a price. A guru gains followers, or chehlas, by buying them from other gurus or contracting them as novices. To become a novice a young woman must go through a right of passage to be an official member of the community. Novices are fined by their guru if they are rude or misbehave and they are also bought between gurus for a price more than what the original guru bought them for, ensuring there are no losses. Its also common practice for a guru to demand a percentage of the income their novices receive through sex work , dancing, or begging. This, of course, can be dangerous for those involved. One professional call girl, Maggie, who has been in the business for four years says I never know what might happen, I could be shot, hit by a car, or kidnapped. She also speaks of people forcing her to do unspeakable things and recalls a story of a group of four men that broke her back so badly she couldnt walk. Unfortunately, Maggie couldnt go to the police because they would just make the claim that its the nature of her job. Despite the obvious dangers, she was still forced to return to sex work because potential employers have denied her work and stated, Youre a transgender, go dance and sing. In a futile effort to improve the lives of people identifying as someone of a third sex, a transgender woman, by the name of Mehlab Jameel, helped draft the Transgender Persons Protection of Rights Bill. This bill will give people whose gender identity or expression differs from social norms and cultural expectations based on the sex they are assigned at the time of their birth the right to identify as a transgender person and have the same rights as other men and women in Pakistan. The Transgender Persons Protection of Rights Bill, passed in 2017, was so incredibly progressive for the country of Pakistan. What made the bills passage so revolutionary was the fact that even though a large portion of the country had possessed a mindset deeply rooted in conservative and religious beliefs, the bill was still surprisingly easy to pass through Parliament. Mehlab Jameel, a transgender person of feminine expression who helped draft the bill stated, We are overwhelmed by how supportive the state has been to this law- we have so much hope. She spoke to The New York Times in a piece titled Transgender Pakistanis Win Legal Victories, but Violence Goes On, and its true violence and discrimination still continue despite the passing of the bill. The Transgender Persons Protection of Rights Bill gives equal rights to intersex people, eunuchs, transgender men, and women as-well-as anyone whose gender identity is out of the social and cultural norms. This is not the first time that the Pakistani Government has recognised transgenders though. As a matter of fact, in 2009, the supreme court legally recognized transgenders as a third gender and promised the mass circulation and utilization of National identity cards. Furthermore, the most recent bill took the supreme court ruling several steps further. It allowed people to choose their gender and have their chosen identity recognised on official documents including the National Identification Cards, passports, and drivers licenses. The bill also prohibited discrimination in public places and while receiving medical care. Mehlab Jameel told the National Public Radio I was in a state of shock because I never thought something like this could happen within my own life in Pakistan. This kind of development is not only unprecedented in Pakistani history, but its one of the most progressive laws in the world. Shes referring to the the bill stating transgender people cannot be deprived the right to vote or run for office. It lays out their inheritance rights in accordance to their chosen gender, and obligates the government to establish protection Centers and Safe houses, along with seperate prisons for those of a third sex. With officials being so pro gressive the general consensus is that people who are different in regards to their sexual orientation and gender identity are being well represented and treated equally in Pakistani culture . However, this is contrary to what is actually occuring in Pakistan. Something as sensitive and personal as the issue of gender identity has to be approached with the care and compassion that a good leader would possess. The many different positions, and the people that occupy these positions, of the Pakistani Government and leadership brings to question of how people felt with such a progressive bill being passed. As with many governments, it is a painstakingly slow and laborious process to bring about truly revolutionary and inclusive change in an entire country. People who believe in what they are petitioning for will fight for their cause to extreme ends. Oppressed people will never stop fighting for what they deserve, what they believe, or their community because this is what defines them as a people. With the Transgender Persons Protection of Rights Bill being passed in Pakistan, people identifying as transgender have encountered an incredible triumph in their fight for equality that many never believed would happen in their lifetimes. This has, of course, been met with joy and happiness throughout the LGBT community and the Khawaja Siras especially. With positive outcomes for one party another must also see a negative. Some people in Pakistan just see the bill being passed as encouragement for gay men, who have no rights due to old laws, to try to reap benefits of being a transgender per son. A majority of the population see transgender people and their sexual ambiguities as God-given, act as intermediaries with the divine and have the ability to give blessings or curses. This makes transgender women a common source of entertainment at weddings as dancers to bless the ceremony. Despite all of this, transgender people are still shunned by their parents, discriminated against, and denied their newfound rights. Although the Supreme Court of Pakistan gave transgender peoples the right to a national identification card in 2009. However, a majority of men and women can sadly say they have never received their card from the appropriate offices. The Protection of Rights Bill has the opportunity to change almost nothing at the ground level due to such a high level of corruption and discrimination. This is due to change with the emergence of thirteen transgender candidates who are running for Parliament. With the acceptance transgender people by the Council of Islamic ideology, that pushed Parliament to pass the Transgender Persons protection of Rights Bill, leaders are bound begin to adapt to the slowly changing views of their superiors and their peers around them. Leaders in the Pakistan community can see a slow rise in the respect for transgender peoples stemming from the beliefs of the Council of Islamic Ideologies. This government body was the first to validate the rights that transgenders de serve in Pakistan. Surprisingly enough the same council has controversial beliefs that often subject them to scrutiny from the general population. Some of these beliefs include but are not limited to, nine year-old girls being old enough to marry, prohibiting female nurses from treating male patients, and the most radical of them all, men reserving the right to lightly beat their wives. Thankfully this twenty member council only advises the government on religious aspects of law and society; with its recommendations being nonbinding. With a government body such crafted like this, being able to guide and recommend the passage of laws, other government officials must truly understand the significance of what they are suggesting and adapt their own way of thinking to achieve such a goal. As with any country that permits the oppression of any minority group, it could be said that many of their leaders lack an understanding of Ethical Leadership. Instead of looking at the question of ethics in leadership as the kinds of values or morals a society has, look instead at any leader as an individual and see what he or she deems ethically moral and acceptable in their specific situation. Most leaders would do what is best for all of their peoples regardless of sexual orientation, gender identity, color, or sex, but with the continuation of discrimination of individuals who identify as a gender out of social norms or cultural expectations leaders are only following with what a specific portion of their followers want. That leaders morals are often-times misguided and coerced by the social norms to believe in something that the leader themselves dont truly believe in. This type of conventional morality is what oppressive societies rule under, without a leader that will step out and demand change for the good of everyone how can any change truly come about? The discourses of identity are deeply set in religious beliefs and superstition in Pakistani culture. As a young man you are brought up to learning about the social hierarchy that still places men at the head of a household and places women as little more than an obedient servant. Young women are taught to cook and c lean to provide for their husbands in anyway that they can. Everyone is taught that homosexuality is taboo, and is still punishable by law. Ingrained in their personalities from such a young age people go on to lead many different lives. The leaders and governments that support oppressive laws are made up of men who fully believe in what they were taught as children and that can make it hard for some of them to see a situation from a totally different perspective. People see from the perspective of their fathers, and their fathers before them, instead of learning and growing as an individual they are stuck in a repeating cycle of outdated ideologies. Social stigma, religious beliefs, superstition, and family. As a transgender person in Pakistan there are several factors that aim to oppress and degrade. Even their own established communities resemble little more than slave traders and their property. People in power have kept those who are different from speaking up and being heard. Being outside of the social norm is seen as taboo instead of being embraced for individuality and courage. The courage to be who you were born to be no matter the odds stacked against you, the courage to step up when no one wants to listen and demand to be heard, and the persistence to fight for what is right no matter what the cost. Being a part of a community that is seen as unnatural, and cast aside as nothing more than street beggars and sex workers creates an environment of adversity that only the strongest can overcome. With the help of a surprisingly supportive government and outspoken members of their society, Khawaja siras have encountered the first step in the right direction of change.

The Effects Of Gray Divorce On The United States - 1001 Words

The United States rates higher divorce than other countries, moreover there is a growing trend of gray divorce in the United States. Gray divorce is a term used for the divorces of ages fifty years and older. The consequences can be on a different scale than that of being many. years younger. Much of the time, for the women it involves hardships on many fronts. This is especially true for the gray divorced women, who are suffering more economically in our society today (Science Dailey,2015). Most women are ill prepared for this life changing event. Drs. Lin and Brown along with PHD student Anna Hammersmith used information from a 2010 Health and Retirement Study to present their analysis. It turns out that twenty-seven percent of gray divorced women sixty-three years or older fall within the poverty range and only eleven percent of gray men (Science Dailey 2015). There seems to be a growing number of divorces among adults sixty-five years and older in the United States. Between the years 1980 and 2008, divorce among men doubled, rising from five to ten percent, whereas, it tripled from four to twelve percent among women (Manning and Brown,2011). These late divorces have varied reasons for their demise. Feldman reports, â€Å"the more frequent case of a husband divorcing from his wife, the reason is often he has found a younger woman.† (p 436). The rise in female employment could be a potential reason for her to seek a divorce. Possibly if she has dealt with an abusive or anShow MoreRelatedCultural Culture Courtship And Marriage1268 Words   |  6 Pagesare allowed to marry in most states in the United States of America. Some trends in the United States that started in 1960 s-1970 s divorce has begun to rise for over a century (Smock, 2004). Many marriages between those who are well off financially secure are more than likely to marry and stay married. In general, American people tend to marry individuals who are in the same social and economic class. Some marriages do occur outside of this but often lead to a divorce. Race and religion are alsoRead MoreGay Marriage: Why Should We Legalize It? Essay1284 Words   |  6 Pagesprivileges as traditional couples and the legalization of it is not responsible for any snowball effect that may occur afterwards. Gay marriage, which is also known as same-sex marriage, is customarily the marriage between two individuals of the same sex. This debate has been going strong since the 1960s with a sudden reemergence in the last 20 years. The debate was brought on by a Supreme Court ruling in the state of Hawaii that stated that the attempt to ban gay marriage was unconstitutional if the courtRead MoreFeminism And The Feminist Theory Essay2030 Words   |  9 Pagesmost typical families can be considered nontraditional due to new LGBTQ laws, divorce on the rise, and the desire to raise children without committing to the mainstream ideal of marriage. The question is, does the maternal role still exist in these nontraditional families? The answer lies in the feminist theory, using the view of the modern day woman and her status or role in society. Due to rise in same-sex marriage, divorce, and step-parent household, the maternal role in such modern-day nontraditionalRead MoreConsequences for Sustainin g a Brain Injury Essay1382 Words   |  6 PagesConsequences for Sustaining a Brain Injury Abstract The consequences for sustaining brain injury of any magnitude can have a life changing effect on the individual and the family. Whether the person is an adult or a child their life changes drastically. There are various types of brain injuries; the one that is in detail in this paper is Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) of any degree. The obstacles a person has to overcome to become rehabilitated are numerous, tedious, and frustratingRead MoreSubcultures and Subcultural Marketing1424 Words   |  6 Pages o Ethnic Influences A. Ethnic Groups within the Country, B. Multicultural Marketing, C. Ethnic Groups around the World. o Religious Influences The three major aspects of culture that have important effects on consumer behavior are regional, ethnic, and religious differences. Firstly, consumption patterns may differ in various regions of Bangladesh and the world, and marketing strategy can sometimes be tailored specifically to these regions. SecondlyRead MoreHow Does Teen Suicide Affect Society?1622 Words   |  7 PagesThere are multiple negative effects of teen suicide. Large numbers of teens that do not have support from friends, peer groups, family, or religious association may and can feel isolated from the world and disconnected. (Larry’s). The tragedy of a young person dying as a result of overwhelming hopelessness is devastating to everyone. Suicide rates differ between boys and girls. Girls think about and attempt suicide about twice as often as boys, and attempt suicide by overdosing. Boys die by suicideRead MoreCauses And Consequences Of Poverty1756 Words   |  8 Pageslike to not know where your next me al is coming from or where you’re sleeping at that night? Many people are not aware of how poverty hits them or the effects. Poverty has many causes, types and effects on different people. Although no one understands why, there are different causes and reasons as to why people are in poverty. Poverty is the state or condition of having little or no money or means of support also known as the condition of being poor (Harper). Discrimination- without jobs people canRead MoreAging and the Elderly1964 Words   |  8 Pageseven someone to help assist them in walking. The life expectancy in the United States is going up which means people are living longer than before due to better medications that are out there which have raised the living standards. The life expectancy in the United States in the 1900’s for women would be to live only forty eight years, and for a male the life expectancy in the United States would be to live only forty- six years, as study shows that women in the U.S lives longerRead MoreAmerica Needs Same-sex Marriage2825 Words   |  12 Pagesindividuals in the United States who identify as gay, lesbian, bisexual, or transgender, and the majority of them aren’t able to legally marry in the state in which they reside (â€Å"Statistics and Facts About Gay or Lesbian Marriage†). Same-sex marriage is only legal in 16 states and the District of Columbia. Despite the majority of American citizens approving the legalization of homosexual marriage, it is either against state law or banned by stat e constitution in 33 states. Only one state, New Mexico, hasRead MoreEarly Childhood Through Middle Adulthood And The Effects Of Obesity5776 Words   |  24 Pages Early Childhood through Middle Adulthood and the Effects of Obesity Michelle Price Troy University, Tampa Bay â€Æ' Abstract Type your abstract here. Notice that the abstract is not indented. The abstract is 50 to 250 words and summarizes the main ideas in your paper. Do not use â€Å"I† or â€Å"we† in your abstract. â€Æ' The Biopsychosocial impact of Obesity on Early childhood through Late Adulthood Obesity has become an epidemic which negatively affects millions of American’s and individuals from other

Job Prospects for ESL Teachers in the U.S.

If youve ever thought about changing professions to become an ESL teacher, now is the time. Increasing demand for ESL teachers has created a multitude of ESL job opportunities in the US. These ESL jobs are being offered by states which are offering a number of job training opportunities for those not already qualified to teach ESL. There are two principle types of ESL jobs that are in demand; positions which require bilingual teachers (Spanish and English) to teach bilingual classes, and ESL positions for English-only classes for speakers who have a limited ability in English (LEP: limited English proficiency). Recently, the industry has moved away from speaking about ESL and has turned to ELL (English language learners) as the preferred acronym.   ESL Job Demand Facts Here are some statistics that point to the great need: According to the  National Center for Education Statistcs, In school year, 27 percent of all schools with bilingual/ESL teaching vacancies found them very difficult or impossible to fill, more than for many other teaching fields. Since this report, the number of ESL job vacancies has grown rapidly.From the same report: As the number of children with difficulty speaking English has increased (from 1.25 million in 1979 to 2.44 million in 1995), so has the burden on school systems to recruit teachers with the skills necessary to teach these classes. The difficulty schools have in filling such positions is one indication of whether the supply of bilingual and ESL teachers is adequate to meet the demand.The number of LEP speakers grew 104.7%, from 2,154,781 in 1989 to 4,416,580 in 2000 according to a survey performed by the National Clearinghouse for English Language Acquisition. Now for the good news: As a means of meeting the ESL job demand a number of special programs have been implemented around the United States for non-certified teachers. These programs provide an excellent means for teachers who have not taught in the State education system to take advantage of these opportunities. Even more exciting, it provides an opportunity for those from a wide variety of backgrounds to become ESL teachers. Some of these even provide a financial bonus (for example a bonus of up to $20,000 in Massachusetts) for joining their programs! Teachers are needed throughout the country, but principally in large urban centers with high immigrant populations.   Education Required In the U.S., the minimum requirement for programs is a bachelors degree and some sort of ESL qualification. Depending on the school, the qualification required might be as simple as a months certificate such as the CELTA (Certificate in Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages). The CELTA is accepted around the world. However, there are other institutions that provide training online and in weekend courses. If youd like to teach in a community college or at a university, youll need at least a masters degree preferably with a specialization with ESL.   For those who would like to teach in public schools (where demand is growing), states require additional certification with different requirements for each state. Its best to look into the certification requirements in the state in which you would like to work.   Business English or English for Special Purposes teachers are in high demand outside of the country and are often hired by individual firms to teach staff.  Unfortunately, in the United States, private companies rarely hire in-house teachers.   Pay Despite the need for quality ESL programs, pay remains rather low except at larger accredited institutions such as universities. You can find out about average salaries in each state. Generally speaking, universities pay best followed by public school programs. Private institutions can vary widely from near minimum-wage to much better-paid positions.   To meet the growing demand for ESL teachers, a number of websites have created invaluable resources for the recruitment of teachers. This guide provides some tips on becoming an ESL teacher. Other opportunities are open to those who are in mid-career  or do not have the exact teacher certification required by any individual state for ESL jobs in the public school system. For more information on teaching ESL in the United States, TESOL is the leading association and provides a great deal of information.

What is the Midpoint Formula