Reflection On Depression - 834 Words

As I reflect on my father’s abandonment I admire how empowered my mother was by situation. She was empowered by her role as a mother to work hard to get a better life for us. Instead of letting the situation beat her down and leave her defeated she used it as fuel to better our lives. Although it was not ideal for me to develop depression I was empowered by it; I was also empowered by my family’s attitudes towards therapy. Because of my experience, I wanted to help other young people like myself as well as change attitudes surrounding therapy. My experience is what pushed me to become as social worker and my experience with depression can help me related to my clients who are experiencing depression. In addition to my immediate†¦show more content†¦The Jesuit community was the first faith community that told me that it was normal to have these feelings; before then other Roman Catholic communities preached about accepting what God had given to you. Among the Jesuit community there was one member who played a very significant role in helping me heal from the pain that my father caused me. During my senior year of undergraduate studies, I entered spiritual direction with a wonderful Jesuit priest, Seamus Murphy SJ. During out meetings, he pushed me to confront God about my feelings as well has helped me make peace with the situation. He validated my feelings by getting angry when I told him about the reaction of my grandparents and comforted me when I got upset about the situation. Our relationship is one that moved in the direction of negative entropy. (Roger) Seamus was helping me heal from the emptiness that I felt after my father left; the bond between Seamus and I also grew stronger as we spent more time together. During our journey together, he became far more than a spiritual director to me, he became my surrogate father. He filled the void that was left by my biological father. We joked about he would have to approve of the man I am going to marry. My whole life I was seeking the love and approval of a father and I found that through Seamus. During our time together Seamus took on theShow MoreRelatedReflection On Depression1025 Words   |  5 PagesDepression Who am I to judge? Occasionally, everyone will feel sad or upset when struggling with obstacles in their life. However, within a couple of days these feelings may pass. According to the Mayo clinic, â€Å"depression is a mood disorder that causes a persistent feeling of sadness and loss of interest.† When I lost my ill husband, I experienced a depressive disorder that interfered with my daily life. My normal functions to move on didn’t make sense. While he was alive he took care of all theRead MoreReflection Paper On Depression1207 Words   |  5 PagesReflection #3: Depression Depression is a category of mental illness that most often appears during the late teens. Often, a psychiatrist or psychologist is necessary to diagnose a person with depression. This is often done using the DSM V. According to this reference, depression is characterized by feelings of sadness and feelings of emptiness, which often leads to a myriad of physical problems. Physical symptoms of depression include unintentional weight loss or gain, sleeping too much or too littleRead MoreReflection About Depression872 Words   |  4 Pages Depression is a mental illness that can swallow you up whole, as if it were a monster tearing away at your soul every day. One may feel as if things could not get any worse for them when they are affected, and it may lead to harmful thoughts, actions and very serious consequences. Suicide doesn’t end the chances of life getting any worse, it simply eradicates the chances of anything getting better. It is a choice that one makes which will fore ver define their lives. Depression and thoughts of suicideRead MoreReflection Paper On The Depression Disorder763 Words   |  4 PagesJohn, today is your fifth session. You came for therapy because you were feeling down and depressed for about six months. You mentioned that, your son’s illness is the reason that you feel down. We did assessment for depression and found out you have MDD or Major Depression Disorder. We talked about different ways that exist to help you to go through your issue. We have planed to start to work on your goals,but, because you canceled your session twice, we are behind our schedule. Yes, I canceledRead MoreHave You Ever Noticed That You Have Never Seen An Exact1506 Words   |  7 PagesHave you ever noticed that you have never seen an exact copy of yourself? The only things you ve seen are pictures, reflections, or from looking at yourself in a reflection; the man or woman in the mirror. There have been times when people have noticed something on your face and your first reaction would be is to say where/what? or look at a reflection. What if there was something you couldn t see, because it was mental instead of physical. Something that is irritating, and at sometimes you couldnRead MoreSocial Self As Part Of Depression1051 Words   |  5 PagesAdding on to that, another study showed a culturally salient factor ,negative social self as constituting part of depression. (Koh, Chang ,Fung and Kee 2007, p.225) This negative social self was found to cause hopelessness, poor self esteem, and control related beliefs. (Koh, Chang ,Fung and Kee 2007, p.225) The study goes on to further state that culturally embedded stressors (Yamamoto et al. 1997, cited in Koh, Chang ,Fung and Kee 2007, p.226) strongly influences the phenomenological experiencesRead MoreReflection Paper : Reflections And My Mental State Of A Man Who Has Not Gone Through My Life1468 Words   |  6 PagesReflections 8/6 From what I read, I am supposedly going to become a better person by following the guide of a man who has not gone through my life and has not borne witness to my suffering. I know that considering my background and my mental state that reading this book will only make me angry for it seems to be a mockery of myself, a teen. I am nothing like a ‘teen’ I have matured much faster than I should have and have never been in trouble or done anything that requires me to ‘straighten up.’Read MoreCritical Analysis : I Stand Here Ironing 1175 Words   |  5 PagesMalky Fried Professor Reichman GLL-121-G-QK March 15, 2015 Critical Analysis The 1930’s was a difficult time for everyone, however the Great Depression was particularly hard on single, divorced, or widowed women. Faced with adversity, they had to shoulder both burdens of breadwinner and nurturer amid extreme destitution. It was a time of desperation for many families to survive. Work was scarce. Life was hard. FamiliesRead MoreAnalysis of Sylvia Plaths Mirror1281 Words   |  6 Pagesto a small town and their marriage began going worse. The poem is not simply about a mirror. This is a poem about self-realization, despair but also truth. We can see the poem as a reflection of Plath’s difficult life, but it’s also the women’s reflections in general. By using a mirror as a narrator and its reflection, Sylvie Plath portrays a picture of herself as well as her consciousness of the line between truth and lies, the inexorable process of age and beauty. The poem is divided by two partsRead MoreReflection On Oppression707 Words   |  3 Pagesneeded to face that lead from reflection to action was an abusive relationship. Linked to the spiral model of learning the first step taken by myself was identifying i belonged to an oppressed group. Admitting both the situation, along with belonging to a group of oppression was extremely challenging for me. To overcome these issues I needed to reflect on it. Once again, this is challenging, as reliving it is hard, and being honest with oneself is hard. During my reflection of my own experience there

Know nothing gain something Free Essays

Life Is a learning process for everyone. Nothing stays till the end of our breath except knowledge. From Aristotle quotes, All men by nature desire knowledge because there will always be something new to learn every day. We will write a custom essay sample on Know nothing gain something or any similar topic only for you Order Now During my childhood time, I think that I could be anything I fantasize when the teacher asked about my ambition. But now, that question becomes the topic that I feared the most and I would take some time to make up my mind and came up with a safer answer which sounded applicable. The fact was I did not have the answer. Growing up as an ordinary student, I did not make a specific goal in my life. I just a student that has fallen in love with science since in primary school when I had made my own telescope. It’s Just too amazing like Albert Einstein quotes, The most beautiful thing we can experience is the mysterious. It is the source of all art and science. Starting from there, I keep my path in science field and had a thought to be a scientist. However, I realized that certain things would not easily come In our way and we might not get everything we want in life. After completing my secondary school tit Is]IL Planners Malaysia (CPM) qualification as student science and got an average result made me accept whatever offer came. That is me. My name is Unregulated Syllable Bin Mood Doris. I am 22 years old and recently graduated in Bachelor In Science (Hon.) In Textile Technology at university Technology MAR. I am one of student at Faculty of Applied Science. Randomly, I think my faith is still with science. My admission begun in 2011 and finished in 2014 means that the total years of my study were three years only. It’s Just like a fast as lightning. I also got a Dean’s list once during my degree study. As time passed, life experienced gained and achievements become a significant measurement of life accomplishment. I never feel burdened with this course and can overcome every hassle efficiently. In fact, by having this principle In me, I decided to give a taste Into my life by further my study for Master level. In my opinion, there are no extraordinary people who do the great things. It’s only ordinary people who are doing ordinary things in an extraordinary way. Things we dream of will not come true without any effort and courage. From my little three years of textile exposure, I try to learn and adapt myself with new things and for sure I found It Interesting. I am a person that not easily give up and keep on creating excitement in life, even though it’s turn wrong. Life must go on. I will create a new cross road to success because there is no dead road for people that have a high self motivator. Furthermore, for me performing fail is an opportunity for me to perform towards the success. Took the challenge to meet other opportunities in front of me. Therefore, I am having plan to hold a M aster In Business Administration (MBA). With some important cognition and managerial skills, especially in business. I am aware with my insufficiency since business will be an integral part of my Job, it is essential that I fill in these gaps. Moreover, during my degree study, there was certainly subject related to business field such as marketing, retailing and merchandising. Surprisingly, I managed to obtain a great grade in those subjects. Now, I can move ahead to become a one-level-higher than the average person. Given the confluence of my personal and professional interests, I also wider my goal to attend courses related to computer in order to deepen my expertise and broaden my perspectives. Last but not least, therefore, to hold MBA scroll is one of my ambitions that could come one of the factors that could boost my motivation to keep going on achieving my goals. With this state of achievement I can broaden my abilities and improved my interpersonal skills, which are crucial to any work environment. For me, personal satisfaction plays a key role in career decision by enjoying the sense of productivity and usefulness I gain from the work, and I feel it is a valuable experience for my future employment soon. This is because I am a person that realize I do not know nothing but interested in acquiring new information, which help me to obtain something. How to cite Know nothing gain something, Papers

Problems of International Students at Universities in New Zealand

Question: Dicuss about the Most Common Social and Psychological Adjustment Problems Faced By International Students Coming to Study at Universities In New Zealand. Answer: General Area: The general social and psychological issues faced by international students at universities in New Zealand for adjustment Sub Area Comparative perception of cultures and lifestyle as profound influences on adjustment of international students at universities in New Zealand Research question: How does the difference between lifestyle in New Zealand and the home country of international students affect their adjustment to the university environments in New Zealand? Education in international jurisdictions has not only worked as a potential sources for reduction of geopolitical boundaries but has also allowed flexible opportunities for students to share the abundant pool of knowledge and competences that can be acquired from foreign universities (Casper Card, 2016). However, the noticeable concerns that can be drawn with respect to the impact of social and psychological concerns for adjustment of international students to academic environment of New Zealand. International students have to progress through distinct stages of adapting to social, psychological and academic dimensions during the course of their involvement with the university studies. Some of the notable pitfalls that can be associated with students have been noticed in literature and cultural adaptation has been identified as a major deterrent in the adaptation of international students to the available environment for university studies in New Zealand (Cheng, Lau Chan, 2014). An illustration of distinct themes that could be related to the social and psychological adjustment issues for international students can be identified in the literature review presented as follows. Theme 1: Levels of Adaptation The insights on personal identity as well as the potential for adaptability that an international student perceived in New Zealand or any foreign jurisdiction could be associated with the level of adaptation or adjustment required by an international student. Literature suggests that the extent of adjustment with the international environment especially the cultural dimensions, leads to profound changes in personal identity of an individual. Adaptation to the cultural environment and the social settings in New Zealand would enable higher integration of students in the social environment alongside facilitating distinct stages of adjustments. As per Estvez, et al, the distinct categories reflect on the initial stage of shock, proportional identity, successful outcomes and maladaptive adjustment (Estvez, et al., 2014). The initial stage of shock is particularly derived from the separation of an international student from home. The proportional identity illustrates the perception of students about the identity and distinct levels of adaptation that can be measured by the similarities between knowledge acquired by the students through their stay in New Zealand and the feeling of belongingness experienced by them in the society. According to Golombok, et al, Successful outcomes have also been included as notable entities in the levels of adaptation theme for social and psychological adjustments of international students since they refer to the adaptability of students flexibly to the cultural and language precedents. It is also imperative to consider the implications of maladaptive adjustment that can be observed in case of the levels of adaptation for international students (Golombok, et al., 2014). This facet is associated with pessimistic direction alongside creating hopelessness that could indirectly lead to incompetency, isolation, unwantedness, inadequacy and perception of discriminatory attitude. Therefore, international students could face notable difficulties with respect to the levels of adaptation since the required levels of adjustment could impact the personal identity of the student reflecting on the long term impact of adaptation. Theme 2: Adjustment issues The comprehensive evaluation of issues which are associated with adjustment of international students could also be assumed as a prominent theme for determining plausible approaches to resolve the research question pertaining to which issues are the most influential on the adjustment of international students in foreign academic environments (Noor, et al., 2016). The process of social adjustment is indicative of profound pitfalls that are imposed on the psychological behaviour of an individual and international students face social, emotional and academic problems. These adjustment issues could also be associated with varying levels of intensities and remedial approaches can be formed accordingly. As per Pastore, et al, Academic issues that are observed in context of adjustment can be resolved by students by reaching out to larger university communities rather than restricting themselves to communities and groups of similar cultures and nationalities (Pastore, et al., 2014). The prominent entities which contribute to the resolution of academic adjustment issues include the international office, student clubs, academic services and tutoring services as well as computer labs and writing centres. The emotional adjustment issues are reflected on the individual self of the international students and examples of following religious scriptures, prayers and roles for countering stress faced by them in the international academic environments.Theme Theme 3: Appraisal of Lifestyle The theme of identity issues and adaptation levels are closely complemented by the aspects of lifestyle appraisal that can be observed in the differences perceived by international students in the lifestyle of New Zealand society and that of their homeland. The extent of disparity among the nature of lifestyles in varying societies is implicative of difficulties in understanding a foreign culture and adjusting to it. The observation of two profound entities in the lifestyle appraisal aspect of the social and psychological adjustment factors for international students refers to freedom of choice and contextual meaning (Przybylski, 2014). Freedom of choice is perceived by international students in the privileges to select flexibly from the varying options in different sectors such as employment, living standards and education. Research studies have profoundly indicated that while many international students perceive higher freedom of choice in New Zealand, a substantial share of New Zealands international students of universities perceived higher restrictions n New Zealands society as compared to that of their homeland. The implications of contextual meaning with respect to the adaptation of international students in New Zealands universities refer to the comparison between home and foreign society on the basis of distinct dimensions of everyday lives (Wu, 2017). Contextual meaning has been associated with three profound influential factors such as availability, structure and efficiency (Golombok, et al., 2014). Gap, purpose and value: The literature review pertaining to the concerned issue of international students is characterized by the purpose of identifying long term consequences rendered by adjustment of students to the local environment of New Zealand. Value of the literature review can be stated in identification of opportunities that can enhance the involvement of international students in the social life without compromising their social identity (Przybylski, 2014). Certain gaps which limited the scope of the literature review were largely directed towards the lack of illustration on the elements of social support and migrant motivation as well as appraisal of performance in immigration since these factors can influence the course of action followed by international students for adjusting to the local environment in New Zealand. References Casper, D. M., Card, N. A. (2016). Overt and Relational Victimization: A Meta?Analytic Review of Their Overlap and Associations With SocialPsychological Adjustment.Child development. Cheng, C., Lau, H. P. B., Chan, M. P. S. (2014). Coping flexibility and psychological adjustment to stressful life changes: A meta-analytic review. Estvez, E., Emler, N. P., Cava, M. J., Ingls, C. J. (2014). Psychosocial adjustment in aggressive popular and aggressive rejected adolescents at school.Psychosocial Intervention/Intervencion Psicosocial,23(1). Golombok, S., Mellish, L., Jennings, S., Casey, P., Tasker, F., Lamb, M. E. (2014). Adoptive gay father families: Parentchild relationships and children's psychological adjustment.Child Development,85(2), 456-468. Noor, R., Gul, S., Khan, E. A., Shahzad, N., Aqeel, M. (2016). The Impact of Coping Strategies on Psychological Adjustment across Male and Female Spinal Cord Injured Patients.J. Appl. Environ. Biol. Sci,6(2S), 137-143. Pastore, V., Galbiati, S., Villa, F., Colombo, K., Recla, M., Adduci, A., ... Strazzer, S. (2014). Psychological and Adjustment Problems Due to Acquired Brain Lesions in Pediatric Patients: A Comparison of Vascular, Infectious, and Other Origins.Journal of child neurology,29(12), 1664-1671. Przybylski, A. K. (2014). Electronic gaming and psychosocial adjustment.Pediatrics,134(3), e716-e722. Wu, Q. (2017). Effects of social capital in multiple contexts on the psychosocial adjustment of Chinese migrant children.Youth Society,49(2), 150-179.

Macbeth Appearances Essays - Characters In Macbeth,

Macbeth Appearances Shakespeare's Macbeth involves betrayal, frauds, and false appearances between the characters. Nothing is what is seems to be. The characters' ambitions grow and evil controls their fate. As the story develops, the realities of the situations become pure illusions. Everything starts to become an illusion after Macbeth meets the three witches. Repeatedly, he begins to ponder on the idea of becoming king. Knowing that this could be true, he and Lady Macbeth plan a scheme to get rid of Duncan (the present king). At the banquet, Lady Macbeth appears to appreciate Duncan by complementing him with meaningless phrases. "All our service, In every point twice done and then done double,"1 This does not mean anything to Lady Macbeth. Her words are very different than those from her thoughts. She was the one who in the first place persuaded Macbeth in killing Duncan. After Duncan is killed, Lady Macbeth acts as if the news shocked her, "Help me hence, ho!"2 In scene vii of Act 1, the audience listens to Macbeth talking to himself. In this soliloquy he has doubts in killing Duncan, he believes Duncan has been a good king and that it is safer for him not to get into any danger. Lady Macbeth convinces him to do what was planned by threatening his manhood. Macbeth talks with Banquo, who had dreamt about the witches prophecies. After Macbeth is left alone, he sees a dagger. In this other soliloquy we can now see what is going through his mind. The audience now realizes that Macbeth is determined to become king while he describes how he will "Moves like a ghost...Hear not my steps, which (way they) walk, for fear"3 After he hears the bell the audience definitely knows that Duncan will be killed. "I go, and it is done. The bell invites me."4 When the news of Duncan's death reaches Macbeth, the audience can tell that he is different from the rest of the people. Everyone is shocked by the death and talks direct and spontaneously, while Macbeth speaks poetically. "Who can be wise, amazed, temp'rate, and furious, Loyal, and neutral, in a moment? No man."5 This way Shakespeare informs the audience that Macbeth had already practiced what he was going to say. Macbeth and Lady Macbeth create many illusions in the story, but they are not the only characters who do this. Banquo begins to suspect that Macbeth killed Duncan so that he could become king, but does not say anything directly at him. Macbeth senses this and his ambition grows. He does not want Banquo's sons to become king the day he dies. As a friendly gesture, he invites him to a feast, which in reality is a plan to kill him. As well as Banquo, Lennox is suspicious of Macbeth. He does not say anything to Macbeth and acts as if everything is normal. He acts as if Macbeth is a good king, when in reality he is waiting for Macduff to return with help from England to overthrow Macbeth from the throne. The notion of fate is clearly portrayed in the story. Fate is introduced by the witches. At the beginning of the play they plan to meet with Macbeth and they say "Fair is foul, and foul is fair, Hover through the fog and filthy air."6 This line shows foreshadowing; it makes the audience know that something unfair and evil will occur. When they meet Macbeth, they greet him first as Thane of Glamis, then as Thane of Cawdor and then as king. The moment Macbeth hears this, he is confused but curious why these witches had called him king. After he knows that he became Thane of Cawdor he believes that sooner or later he will be king. The three witches suggested his destiny. Macbeth's goal was not to become king until the witches made him believe it was his destiny. In the play, destiny was paved out by the witches. Destiny is not something that cannot be changed. A person has control of his/her destiny. Macbeth's destiny was suggested by the witches, he listened to their suggestions and followed them. Macbeth is not controlled by fate; instead he is the one who decided to listen and wants to meet the witches again. He thought about becoming king, but was not totally sure of it. This decision was encouraged by his wife, who controlled him in the decisions he made so that these could benefit her. Macbeth controlled his life when he does not want to kill his

Chickenomics essays

Chickenomics essays Chickenomics is a short twenty minute instructional video tape on the basics in economics. The video tape uses an original man in a chicken suit idea to explain economics. The five basic characteristics of economics are explained in an easy and simple way using the Chicken. This video tape is a great way to teach the basics of economics. The video starts off by introducing the chicken. The chicken is originally a man in a chicken suit who works for a Los Angelus radio station. The Chicken -as he is referred to in the video- now also works as a Mascot for a baseball team. To show some of the basic concepts of economics a question is asked why is this chicken in 250 million born every year so successful? The five basic characteristics of a Market Economy are introduced to answer that question. The first is that a market economy has private ownership of resources. This means that labor and other types of resources are government protested ownerships. In the video it is explained that the Chicken or the man in the chicken suit is a rare individual who has the skill of entertaining people. The second characteristic of a market economy is Self interest motives. This means that each person is free to pursue whatever job or position in the market he desires.*** The third characteristic of a Market economy is consum er sovereignty. This means that the market is controlled by consumers and that only the products that the consumers want are produced.*** The fourth concept in a Market Economy is that it is a market. The Market Economy being a market means that everywhere a transaction is made or every where a product or service is bought or offered.*** The last characteristic of a Market Economy is Competition. Competition is other people or companies offering the same product. To explain why this is such a good thing in the economy the video uses the example of the Chicken sellin ...

About the Chilean Poet Pablo Neruda

About the Chilean Poet Pablo Neruda Pablo Neruda (1904-1973) was known as a poet and emissary of the Chilean people. During a time of social upheaval, he traveled the world as a diplomat and an exile, served as a Senator for the Chilean Communist Party, and published more than 35,000 pages of poetry in his native Spanish. In 1971, Neruda won the Nobel Prize for Literature, for a poetry that with the action of an elemental force brings alive a continents destiny and dreams. Nerudas words and politics were forever intertwined, and his activism may have led to his death. Recent forensic tests have stirred speculation that Neruda was murdered.   Early Life in Poetry Pablo Neruda is the pen name of Ricardo Eliezer Neftali Reyes y Basoalto. He was born in Parral, Chile on July 12, 1904. While he was still an infant, Nerudas mother died of tuberculosis. He grew up in the remote town of Temuco with a stepmother, a half-brother, and a half-sister. From his earliest years, Neruda experimented with language. In his teens, he began publishing poems and articles in school magazines and local newspapers. His father disapproved, so the teenager decided to publish under a pseudonym. Why Pablo Neruda? Later, he speculated that hed been inspired by Czech writer Jan Neruda. In his Memoirs, Neruda praised the poet Gabriela Mistral for helping him discover his voice as a writer. A teacher and headmistress of a girls school near Temuco, Mistral took an interest in the talented youth. She introduced Neruda to Russian literature and stirred his interest in social causes. Both Neruda and his mentor eventually became Nobel Laureates, Mistral in 1945 and Neruda twenty-six years later. After high school, Neruda moved to the capital city of Santiago and enrolled in the University of Chile. He planned to become a French teacher, as his father wished. Instead, Neruda strolled the streets in a black cape and wrote passionate, melancholy poems inspired by French symbolist literature. His father stopped sending him money, so the teenaged Neruda sold his belongings to self-publish his first book, Crepusculario (Twilight). At age 20, he completed and found a publisher for the book that would make him famous, Veinte poemas de amor y una cancion desesperada (Twenty Love Poems and a Song of Despair).  Rhapsodic and sorrowful, the books poems mingled adolescent thoughts of love and sex with descriptions of the Chilean wilderness. There was thirst and hunger, and you were the fruit. / There were grief and ruin, and you were the miracle, Neruda wrote in the concluding poem, A Song of Despair. Diplomat and Poet Like most Latin American countries, Chile customarily honored their poets with diplomatic posts. At age 23, Pablo Neruda became an honorary consul in Burma, now Myanmar, in Southeast Asia. Over the next decade, his assignments took him to many places, including Buenos Aires, Sri Lanka, Java, Singapore, Barcelona, and Madrid. While in South Asia, he experimented with surrealism and began writing Residencia en la tierra   (Residence on Earth). Published in 1933, this was the first of a three-volume work that described the social upheaval and human suffering Neruda witnessed during his years of diplomatic travel and social activism. Residencia was, he said in his Memoirs, a dark and gloomy but essential book within my work. The third volume in Residencia, the 1937 Espaà ±a en el corazà ³n (Spain in our Hearts), was Nerudas strident response to the atrocities of the Spanish Civil War, the rise of fascism, and the political execution of his friend, the Spanish poet Federico Garcà ­a Lorca in 1936. In the nights of Spain, Neruda wrote in the poem Tradition, through the old gardens, / tradition, covered with dead snot, / spouting pus and pestilence, strolled / with its tail in the fog, ghostly and fantastic. The political leanings expressed in Espaà ±a en el corazà ³n cost Neruda his consular post in Madrid, Spain. He moved to Paris, founded a literary magazine, and helped the refugees who glutted the road out of Spain. After a stint as Consul-General in Mexico City, the poet returned to Chile. He joined the Communist Party, and, in 1945, was elected to the Chilean Senate. Nerudas rousing ballad Canto a Stalingrado (Song to Stalingrad) voiced a cry of love to Stalingrad. His pro-Communist poems and rhetoric stirred outrage with the Chilean President, who had renounced Communism for a more political alignment with the United States. Neruda continued to defend Joseph Stalins Soviet Union and the working class of his own homeland, but it was Nerudas scathing 1948 Yo acuso (I Accuse) speech that finally provoked the Chilean government to take action against him. Facing arrest, Neruda spent a year in hiding, and then in 1949 fled on horseback over the Andes Mountains into Buenos Aires, Argentina. Dramatic Exile The poets dramatic escape became the subject of the film Neruda (2016) by Chilean director Pablo Larraà ­n. Part history, part fantasy, the film follows a fictional Neruda as he dodges a fascist investigator and smuggles revolutionary poems to peasants who memorize passages. One part of this romantic re-imagining is true. While in hiding, Pablo Neruda completed his most ambitious project, Canto General (General Song). Composed of more than 15,000 lines, Canto General is both a sweeping history of the Western hemisphere and an ode to the common man. What were humans? Neruda asks. In what part of their unguarded conversations / in department stores and among sirens, in which of their metallic movements / did what in life is indestructible and imperishable live? Return to Chile Pablo Nerudas return to Chile in 1953 marked a transition away from political poetry- for a short time. Writing in green ink (reportedly his favorite color), Neruda composed soulful poems about love, nature, and daily life. I could live or not live; it does not matter / to be one stone more, the dark stone, / the pure stone which the river bears away, Neruda wrote in Oh Earth, Wait for Me. Nevertheless, the passionate poet remained consumed by Communism and social causes. He gave public readings and never spoke out against Stalins war crimes. Nerudas 1969 book-length poem Fin de Mundo (World’s End) includes a defiant statement against the US role in Vietnam: Why were they compelled to kill / innocents so far from home, / while the crimes pour cream / into the pockets of Chicago? / Why go so far to kill / Why go so far to die? In 1970, the Chilean Communist party nominated the poet/diplomat for president, but he withdrew from the campaign after reaching an agreement with the Marxist candidate Salvador Allende, who ultimately won the close election. Neruda, at the height of his literary career, was serving as Chiles ambassador in Paris, France, when he received the 1971 Nobel Prize for Literature. Personal Life Pablo Neruda lived a life of whats been called passionate engagement by the Los Angeles Times. For Neruda, poetry meant much more than the expression of emotion and personality, they write. It was a sacred way of being and came with duties. His was also a life of surprising contradictions. Although his poetry was musical, Neruda claimed that his ear could never recognize any but the most obvious melodies, and even then, only with difficulty.  He chronicled atrocities, yet he had a sense of fun. Neruda collected hats and liked to dress up for parties. He enjoyed cooking and wine. Enamored by the ocean, he filled his three homes in Chile with seashells, seascapes, and nautical artifacts. While many poets seek solitude to write, Neruda seemed to thrive on social interaction. His Memoirs describe friendships with famous figures like Pablo Picasso, Garcia Lorca, Gandhi, Mao Tse-tung, and Fidel Castro. Nerudas infamous love affairs were tangled and often overlapping. In 1930 the Spanish-speaking Neruda married Marà ­a Antonieta Hagenaar, an Indonesia-born Dutch woman who spoke no Spanish. Their only child, a daughter, died at age 9 from hydrocephalus. Soon after marrying Hagenaar, Neruda began an affair with Delia del Carril, a painter from Argentina, whom he eventually married. While in exile, he began a secret relationship with Matilde Urrutia, a Chilean singer with curly red hair. Urrutia became Nerudas third wife and inspired some of his most celebrated love poetry. In dedicating the 1959 Cien Sonetos de Amor (One Hundred Love Sonnets) to Urrutia, Neruda wrote, I made these sonnets out of wood; I gave them the sound of that opaque pure substance, and that is how they should reach your ears†¦Now that I have declared the foundations of my love, I surrender this century to you: wooden sonnets that rise only because you gave them life. The poems are some of his most popular- I crave your mouth, your voice, your hair, he writes in Sonnet XI; I love you as one loves certain obscure things, he writes in Sonnet XVII, secretly, between the shadow and the soul. Nerudas Death While the United States marks 9/11 as the anniversary of the 2001 terrorist attacks, this date has another significance in Chile. On September 11, 1973, soldiers surrounded Chiles presidential palace. Rather than surrender, President Salvador Allende shot himself. The anti-Communist coup dà ©tat, supported by the United States CIA, launched the brutal dictatorship of General Augusto Pinochet. Pablo Neruda planned to flee to Mexico, speak out against the Pinochet regime, and publish a large body of new work. The only weapons you will find in this place are words, he told soldiers who ransacked his home and dug up his garden in Isla Negra, Chile. However, on September 23, 1973, Neruda died in a Santiago medical clinic. In her memoirs, Matilde Urrutia said his final words were, They are shooting them! They are shooting them! The poet was 69. The official diagnosis was prostate cancer, but many Chileans believed that Neruda was murdered. In October 2017, forensic tests confirmed that Neruda did not die of cancer. Further tests are underway to identify toxins found in his body. Why Is Pablo Neruda Important? I have never thought of my life as divided between poetry and politics, Pablo Neruda said when he accepted his presidential candidacy from the Chilean Communist Party. He was a prolific writer whose works ranged from sensual love poems to historical epics. Hailed as a poet for the common man, Neruda believed that poetry should capture the human condition. In his essay  Toward an Impure Poetry, he equates the imperfect human condition with poetry, impure as the clothing we wear, or our bodies, soup-stained, soiled with our shameful behaviour, our wrinkles and vigils and dreams, observations and prophecies, declarations of loathing and love, idylls and beasts, the shocks of encounter, political loyalties, denials and doubts, affirmations and taxes. What kind of poetry should we seek? Verse that is steeped in sweat and in smoke, smelling of the lilies and urine. Neruda won many awards, including an International Peace Prize (1950), a Stalin Peace Prize (1953), a Lenin Peace Prize (1953), and a Nobel Prize for Literature (1971). However, some critics have attacked Neruda for his Stalinist rhetoric and his unrestrained, often militant, writings. He was called a bourgeois imperialist and a great bad poet. In their announcement, the Nobel committee said theyd given the award to a contentious author who is not only debated but for many is also debatable. In his book The Western Canon, literary critic Harold Bloom named Neruda one of the most significant writers in Western culture, placing him alongside literary giants like Shakespeare, Tolstoy, and Virginia Woolf. All paths lead to the same goal, Neruda declared in his Nobel Lecture: to convey to others what we are. And we must pass through solitude and difficulty, isolation and silence in order to reach forth to the enchanted place where we can dance our clumsy dance and sing our sorrowful song.... Recommended Reading Neruda wrote in Spanish, and English translations of his work are hotly debated. Some translations aspire for literal meaning while others strive to capture nuances. Thirty-six translators, including Martin Espada, Jane Hirshfield, W. S. Merwin, and Mark Strand, contributed to The Poetry of Pablo Neruda compiled by literary critic Ilan Stavans. The volume has 600 poems representing the scope of Nerudas career, along with notes on the poets life and critical commentary. Several poems are presented in both Spanish and English. The Poetry of Pablo Neruda edited by Ilan Stavans, Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2005Listen to Neruda read Las Alturas de Machu Picchu from Canto GeneralHow the Library of Congress Helped Get Pablo Nerudas Poetry Translated into English by Peter Armenti, LOC July 31, 2015Canto General, 50th Anniversary Edition, by Pablo Neruda (trans. Jack Schmitt), University of California Press, 2000Worlds End (English and Spanish Edition) by Pablo Neruda (trans. William ODaly), Copper Canyon Press; 2009Pablo Neruda: A Passion for Life by Adam Feinstein, 2004Memoirs by Pablo Neruda (trans. Hardie St. Martin), 2001The poets own reflections on his life, from student years to the coup dà ©tat dà ©tat that toppled Chiles government just days before Nerudas death.The Western Canon: The Books and School of the Ages by Harold BloomMy Life with Pablo Neruda (Mi vida junto a Pablo Neruda) by Matilde Urrutia (trans. Alexandria Giardino), 2004Pablo Nerudas widow reveals details about the poet in her memoir. Al though not lyrically written, the book became a best-seller in Chile. For ages 6 to 9, Pablo Neruda: Poet of the People by Monica Brown (illus. Julie Paschkis), Holt, 2011 Sources: Memoirs by Pablo Neruda (trans. Hardie St. Martin), Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2001; The Nobel Prize in Literature 1971 at Nobelprize.org; Biography of Pablo Neruda, The Chile Cultural Society; Worlds End by Pablo Neruda by Richard Rayner, Los Angeles Times, March 29, 2009; How did Chilean poet Pablo Neruda die? Experts open new probe, Associated Press, Miami Herald, February 24, 2016; Pablo Neruda Nobel Lecture Towards the Splendid City at Nobelprize.org [accessed March 5, 2017]

THE GREATER MIDDLE EAST Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

THE GREATER MIDDLE EAST - Essay Example Most of these groups were Christians and they included Armenians, Balkan, Persians among others (Howland, 1940). Because of Osman, Orhan, Murad I, and Bayezid I the Ottoman-Turkish Empire emerged as the most powerful Empire in the world. These leaders originated from the Turkish tribe and formed a dynasty of professional officers that led the empire in conquering Christians, Europe and other states in the Middle East. Howland (1940) argues that Ottoman-Turkish Empire was created by Turkish tribe. In addition, it was led by Osman I from r. 1290 to 1326. During that time Osman I converted many soldiers from other religions to Islam and made them Turkish warriors. These warriors were the custodian of Islamic faith and held the title ‘ghazi’. The warriors fought against the Christian Byzantine state and their success meant the spread of Islamic religion in lands that they conquered. However, Langer and Blake (1932) claim that, since Osman’s ancestors were from the Kayi tribe Ottoman-Turkish Empire was, therefore, founded by that tribe. In my opinion, Langer and Blake’s arguments are based on false assumptions. If Osman belonged in the line of his ancestors, it does not make Kayi tribe the founder of Ottoman-Turkish Empire. Instead, it is the people who physically volunteered in forming the Empire that would be identified as the founders. However, Langer and Blake would have argued that Kayi tribe was one of the contributors to the formation of Ottoman-Turkish tribe. This is because Osman’s ancestors were the founders of the dynasty. On the other hand, Howland assumptions are true. Indeed, the Turkish tribe established Ottoman-Turkish Empire under the influence of Osman I. The empire was a combination of Osman’s people, known as the Ottoman, and the Turks. Furthermore, the two groups happened to be in a similar geographical location called the Anatolia where they settled in 1071. Turks came into the

Animal Farm Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Animal Farm - Essay Example VIRTUE BASED THEORY This ethical approach takes into consideration the different characters or parties to an event or an encounter and how they affect the interactions with other parties, either directly or indirectly. In this regard, it is evident that disparity in characters appears among various individuals. Good act may be presented by two people differently based on their characters. This therefore depicts ethics as the human nature one should strive to achieve, with specific characters such as being honest, kind, fair, faithful and generous among others being credited. Since these characters ensure harmonious interaction and co-existence among various parties, they are very appealing and appreciated. In a bid to achieve these qualities, one should act accordingly. In the Animal Farm, the deeds executed by various characters depicted either an adherence or non-adherence to the traits, a) Napolean treats other animals unfairly and strives to maintain his position as a leader thro ugh unfair ruling. He uses the nine dogs as a military weapon to intimidate other animals, which is not right as well as not directed towards achieving the ethical traits outlined above. b) Snowball is passionate and always strived to improve the welfare of other animals and works towards the achievement of the traits. c) Boxer is depicted as a strong character, who has dedication and loyalty in the improvement of the welfare of the members of the Animal Farm. d) Squealer is depicted as of unfit characters as he indulges himself in spreading propagandas, which are intended to ensure Napoleon retains leadership. e) Old Major is depicted as of good character through his leadership as well the vision of improving the welfare of the animals. f) Clover is of good character and is always observant of the commandment designated to govern the conduct of animals in the farm, is not pleased by violation of the laws by the pigs and blames herself for frequently forgetting the commandments. g) Moses is depicted to be of good faith by presentation of stories of the destination of the animals after their death. h) Mollie is depicted as a character that likes being treated fairly well by other, and is not involved in bad acts. i) Benjamin holds the opinion that life remains unchanged irrespective of who takes charge of leadership and always displays good characters in his undertakings j) Muriel is depicted as being very observant of the seven commandments, and thus depicts good character. k) Mr. Jones is depicted as an unjust leader, who does not take care of the welfare of the animals who suffer from lack of food. l) Mr. Fredrick is depicted as a person who is dedicated in his undertakings in a bid to ensure that perfection is derived from his undertakings m) Mr. Pilkington, is depicted as an easy-going character, an attribute not favoured in the virtue theory Consequentialism theory It asserts that an action’s impacts or behavior determines the moral value of it. Me asuring the moral worth of an action or impact is the main concern in consequallism. This is because consequences may be approvable, natural or bad. In consequential theory, only the real affects matters. People or objects affected by the behavior and

Learning Team IRAC Brief Essay Example for Free

Learning Team IRAC Brief Essay Learning Team B was tasked to study the IRAC method of case study analysis, and select one legal case from a current event that has taken place within the past two years relevant to this week’s objectives. After selecting a current case, Learning Team B prepared a case brief using the IRAC method. Learning Team B selected the United States v. Jones case, which was decided January 23, 2012. Learning Team B was also tasked to provide an explanation of how the legal concepts in the United States v. Jones case could be applied within a business managerial setting. The government issued a warrant to place a Global Positioning System on the personal vehicle of Jones to track any unlawful behavior. For 28 days, the government monitored the vehicle and â€Å"it subsequently secured an indictment of Jones and others on drug trafficking conspiracy charges† (United states v., 2012). The issue is that a violation of the Fourth Amendment may be in question. The question in this case is whether or not the vehicle that was fitted with the GPS is considered real or personal property. Also how is the vehicle subject to government surveillance only on public property? Could the vehicle be subject to the real or personal property laws protected under the Fourth Amendment? The question remains if the vehicle can be searched using the GPS only part of the time. The court’s ruling still does not clearly define what the fourth amendment covers as real or personal property. The definition of the Fourth Amendment is not completely clear on exactly what the real or personal property is defined as or if it is reasonable expectation of privacy as defined by society or a court of law. The law â€Å"protects reasonable expectations of privacy, but the Supreme Court has refused to provide a consistent explanation for what makes an expectation of privacy ‘reasonable’† (Kerr, 2007, p. 503). The Fourth Amendment can be applied to a business managerial setting by protecting workers rights to privacy somewhat. Any use of work property, including e-mail and Internet is subject to inspection by the company. There is a reasonable expectation of privacy in the workplace if an employee has an office. If the employee is in the  front of the work environment conversations or anything in plain view can be subject to police search. According to â€Å"Surveillance Self-Defense (2013), â€Å"A big question in determining whether your expectation of privacy is ‘reasonable’ and protected by the Fourth Amendment arises when you have ‘knowingly exposed’ something to another person or to the public at large† (Reasonable Expectation of Privacy). If a person is exposes intended personal information or property to a third party that reasonable expectation of privacy is no longer valid. The â€Å"Fourth Amendment is part of the Bill of Rights,† and the â€Å"Bill of Rights is the first 10 amendments of the United States Constitution.† The â€Å"Fourth Amendment protects the rights of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures† (Gatewood, 2013, p. 1). The government can use â€Å"GPS to track an individual movement† if they believe a crime have been committed. If law enforcement wants to obtain a warrant for â€Å"a GPS device to be installed† on an individual car, he or she must be able to convince a judge that a crime has been committed. They must also provide the judge with information about the place that will â€Å"be searched, and the† individual â€Å"or thing to be seized† (Hughes Burton, 2013, p. 1). In this court case, â€Å"the agents obtained a warrant, but they did not comply with two of the warrants restrictions. First, they did not install the GPS device within the 10-day period that was required by the provision of the warrant.† Second, the â€Å"GPS device supposed to be installed in the vehicle in the District of Columbia, as required by the condition of the warrant.† The â€Å"government installs the GPS device on the vehicle in a public parking space in Maryland† (McKenzie, 2002, p. 1). According to McKenzie (2002), â€Å"the vehicle is an effect as the term is used in the Amendment, and this is a violation of the Fourth Amendment.† An organization that use any form of GPS device on an individual vehicle would be violating the Fourth Amendment.† The â€Å"Fourth Amendment† was implemented to safeguard the rights of citizens, and to make sure that his or her â€Å"privacy is not violated† in any way (McKenzie, 2002, p. 1). A public management can â€Å"conduct a mixed-motive search of an employer’s workplace, seeking to discover evidence of worker misconduct, as well as evidence the worker has committed a crime.† For example, a â€Å"search of a computer of a worker who has been downloading child pornography implicates both personnel misconduct and criminal concern.† â€Å"Courts assessing whether to apply the O’Connor reasonableness standard or the more traditional Fourth Amendment probable cause and warrant requirements of these mix-motive searches have applied O’Connor, reasonableness standard.† Certainly, â€Å"as explained by the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit, O’Connor’s† objective of â€Å"ensuring that an efficient workplace should not be frustrated simply because the similar misconduct that violates a government management’s rule, and it is also illegal† (Koster, 2007, p. 1). A community employer can conduct searches related to the workplace â€Å"such as to find a missing file or to investigate workplace misconduct,† in compliance with the â€Å"Fourth Amendment without probable cause or a warrant.† A job-related search is â€Å"constitutionally† allowable â€Å"as long as they are reasonable expectation of privacy.† Furthermore, â€Å"even if the search does infringe on a worker’s reasonable expectation of privacy, the search will deemed reasonable in accordance with the Fourth Amendment it is justified as its inception and permissible in scope† (Koster, 2007, p. 1). In George Orwell’s 1984, the citizens of the dystopian, totalitarian country of Oceania are subjected to a grim reality of constant government surveillance. In difference, technology is necessary to fulfill Orwell’s nightmare is far closer to fact than fiction. For example, the smart phone while using its GPS function is an indispensable component for numerous road trips; this global device has many of the same capabilities as 1984 feared telescreen. In the United States v. Jones, the Supreme Court of the United States concluded that police violated the Fourth Amendment of the United States Constitution when they attached the GPS-enabled tracking device to the defendant’s vehicle and used it to monitor the car’s movements for 28 days (Maryland Law Review, pg. 998). Jones highlights two uniquely prescient  concerns: The impact of modern information-sharing technology on individual privacy, and what limits ought to be placed on Law enforcement from using such technology unrestricted by physical boundaries (Maryland Law Review, pg. 999). The U.S. Supreme Court affirmed the judgment of the lower court and held that without a warrant, the installation of the GPS tracking device constituted an unlawful search under the Fourth Amendment (United states v., 2012). The government had argued a person did not have a reasonable expectation of privacy on public streets but the U.S. Supreme court rejected this argument. The U.S. Supreme court ruled a person does have a reasonable expectation of privacy on public streets regardless of how the GPS tracking device is placed on the person’s vehicle. The U.S. Supreme Court also ruled that today’s surveillance technology is very advanced but still creates a physical intrusion into a person’s reasonable expectation of privacy protected under the Fourth Amendment (United states v., 2012). This ruling is very important in today’s business world as technology rapidly advances. The current generation of workers is very comfortable with advanced technology but still have the basic expectations of privacy that workers had 20 years ago. Companies can track email conversations, locate company smart phones using GPS technology, locate, and monitor routes of company vehicles, and even video tape activity at their locations. It is important that an organization brief and ensure each employee acknowledges the reasonable expectation of privacy policies. If a company issues a smart phone to an employee and employ GPS tracking on the phone, the employee must be informed his or her smart phone will be monitored. If a company installs GPS tracking devices on their vehicles the driver of that vehicle must be informed his or her route and movement is subject to company monitoring at all times. If a company video monitors its employees, employees must sign an acknowledgment under standing their movement with the organization is monitored and recorded during the business day. Advanced technology is a tool to reduce fraud in the workplace but cannot violate an employee’s right to privacy under the Fourth Amendment. References Gatewood, J. (2013). It’s raining Katz and Jones: The implications of United States v. Jones- A case of sound and fury. Pace Law Review, 33(2), 683-715. Retrieved from http://Web.ebscohost.com.ezproxy.apollolibrary.com George Orwell Nineteen Eighty-Four, 1988, The Evolving Fourth Amendment United States vs. Jones, The information cloud, and the right to exclude, Ber An Pan, 1993 Hughes, T. Burton, C. (2013). Police GPS surveillance on vehicles and the warrant Requirement: â€Å"For a while I’ve been watching you steady†. American Journal Of Criminal Justice, 38(4), 535-550.doi:10.1007/s12103-012-9185-z. Retrieved from http://web.ebscohost.com.ezproxy.apollolibrary.com Kerr, O.S. (2007, November). Four Models of Fourth Amendment Protection. Stanford Law Review, 60(2), 503-551. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/224069628?accountid=35812 McKenzie, D. (2002). What were they smoking?: The Supreme Court’s latest step in a long Strange trip throu gh the Fourth Amendment. Journal of Criminal Law Criminology, 93(1), 153. Retrieved from http://web.ebscohost.com.ezproxy.apollolibrary.com Koster, P. R. (2007). Workplace searches by public employers and the Fourth Amendment. Urban Lawyer, 39(1). 75-84. Retrieved from http://web.ebscohost.comezproxy. Apollolibrary.com Surveillance Self-Defense. (2013). Retrieved from https://ssd.eff.org/your-computer/govt/privacy U.S. Supreme Court, (2012). United states v. jones (No. 10–1259). Retrieved from website: http://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/11pdf/10-1259.pdf

Capital Punishment Essay -- Research Death Penalty Essays

Capital Punishment Whenever the word "death penalty" comes up, extremists from both sides of the spectrum begin to wildly express their opinions. One side says deterrence, the other side says there's a potential of executing an innocent man. One says justice, retribution, and punishment; the other side says execution is murder. However, all arguments aside, the best way and the only way to truly make a rational decision about capital punishment is to examine the purpose of our criminal justice system. Once the purpose of the criminal justice system is established, one must find out the purpose of capital punishment. This paper will show that the purpose of capital punishment is consistent with and embodies the purpose of the criminal justice system. Then, this paper will determine whether or not the present form of the death penalty is fulfilling its purpose, and what could be changed to make the death penalty more efficient and effective. The first question that must be faced is, "What is the purpose of the criminal justice system and does the death penalty help to fulfill that purpose?" In The Law, Frederic Bastiat says that humans have inalienable rights that existed outside of and before government. These rights are life, liberty, and property. He contends that the only legitimate purpose of government is to protect these rights. When one person inflicts on another's rights or takes advantage of another person, he is plundering. Bastiat asks, "When, then, does plunder stop? It stops when it becomes more painful and more dangerous than labor. It is evident, then that the proper purpose of law is to use the power of its collective force to stop this fatal tendency to plunder instead of work. All the measures of the law should protect property and punish plunder," (Bastiat 24-26). People will plunder, take advantage of others, and commit crimes as long as it is in their best interest to do so. The purpose our entire criminal justice system is to protect the rights of life, liberty, and property for all its citizens. To do this, the criminal justice system needs to make "plunder more painful and more dangerous than labor." In other words, the punishment for crime must be harsh enough to deter potential criminals. Under this mindset, the death penalty makes perfect sense. Here is a punishment that truly makes the criminal pay for his crime, stops t... ... General's Office. 1997. 2. 32. 0 The Attorney General's Office did say that the appeals process would be faster once the results of new laws passed on the federal and state level begin to take effect. However, he said that he didn't expect the length of time to get any shorter than 5 years. 33. 0 Malice- Malice is that condition of mind which prompts a person to take the life of another intentionally without just cause, excuse, or justification. Express malice- In criminal law, the intent to kill or seriously injure arising from a deliberate rational mind. Implied malice- Malice inferred from a person's conduct. (Definitions come from Black's Law Dictionary: New Pocket Edition.) 34. 0 In all capital cases, there are two initial trials. The first trial decides whether the defendant is guilty or not guilty. The second trial decides whether to give the defendant a punishment of death or life imprisonment. Having 9 of 12 jurors concur on the punishment obviously refers to the second trial, not the first. The procedure for the first trial will be unchanged by this bill. 35. 0 Duff, Charles. A Handbook on Hanging. Boston: Hale, Cushman, and Flint. 1929. 54.

Developing Promotional Strategies for Horticultural Products Essay

INTRODUCTION. The horticulture sub-sector of agriculture in Kenya has grown in the last decade to become a major foreign exchange earner, employer and contributor to food needs in the country. Currently the horticulture industry is the fastest growing agricultural subsector in the country and is ranked third in terms of foreign exchange earnings from exports after tourism and tea. Fruits, vegetable and cut flower production are the main aspects of horticultural production in Kenya. In this write up, the horticultural products I will focus on are coriander, courgettes, cabbage, kales, spinach, indigenous vegetables like ‘terere’ and ‘managu’, ginger, garlic, tomatoes and onions. These products will be directly sourced from my farm in Kitengela. IDENTIFICATION OF THE INNATE ANS ACQUIRED NEEDS According to Boyd (2010) humans become motivated when a need is aroused that they have a desire to satisfy. These needs can be physiological also known as innate e.g need for food, water, sex and cloths or they could be acquired needs which are learnt in response to an individual’s culture or surroundings e.g need for affection, self esteem or prestige. The above mentioned horticultural products are food products that satisfy needs in the first level of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs i.e the physiological needs. Moreover, through the right packaging and promotion of these products, the acquired needs will be satisfied. THE PROMOTIONAL STRATEGIES BASED ON THESE NEEDS Organizations use promotion to communicate with customers about products they offer because promotion is one half of the communication process with customers. It works co-operatively with market research in an iterative feedback loop so that the constantly changing requirements of users are met by promotional activities that target or even anticipate these expressed needs. Promotion involves making sure that customers are aware of the products that the organization makes available to them. The objective of my promotional strategy is to provide information about my products, increase demand for these products and to differentiate the product. I will design different advertising messages to be placed in certain magazines like healthy eating magazines as well as Saturday Nation newspaper magazine and television advertisment. Moreover, through the social media i.e twitter and face book I will advertise my products. These adverts will focus on the benefits that clients will get on consump tion of my products. The advert will be designed in such a way that it brings out the different innate and acquired needs that will be met. People have to eat and eat good food that is well presented, I will therefore, do word of mouth advertising and attend networking forums for horticultural products e.g the annual horticultural exhibitions says Wu (2012). As I display my products, I will ensure they are well packaged in clean, labeled packages so that as my purchase my products they are satisfied with the packaging thus meeting both their innate and acquired needs. According to Stern and Adel (1988), word-of-mouth is one of the most credible forms of advertising because people who don’t stand to gain personally by promoting something put their reputations on the line every time they make a recommendation. In the utilization of word of mouth advertising, I will incorporate brand advocates in this word of mouth ad. I will use personal selling as well. This will be one to one communication with a potential buyer. In this case the potential buyers I will focus on for personal selling are the restaurants, schools, hospitals and hotels. I will therefore, employ the use of sales men and use experiential marketing in this case. I will hire a tele-marketing researcher who will make follow up calls to clients who purchase my products to get their feedback on areas that I need to improve on as the researcher identifies their unspoken needs as well as their spoken needs. REFERENCES Boyd, J.C (2010). Consumer Psychology. England:Open University Press. Stern .L. W. & Adel I. E.(1988) Marketing Channels. Englewood Cliffs, N. J.: Prentice Hall Inc. Wu, J. M ( 2012) Consumer Perception of quality for horticultural products and related agricultural practices. Ontario:Guelph.

Auto World Inc Essay

Auto World Inc. (AWI) is a leading automotive retail and service chain. They have many operating segments comprised of two different centers 10 miles apart from each other. Pit Stop Centers (PSC) offer service labor, installed merchandise, and tires while their Auto Boyz Centers (ABC) sells automotive merchandise. AWI has a plan to close their operating segment PSC to change their current operating structure to improve and efficiently deliver retail products and automotive services by providing their customers with a ‘one stop’ shopping for ‘do-it-yourself’ retail customers and ‘do-it-for-me’ customers† (PSC Case). AWI expects this change to enhance their ability to increase market share, improve sales, and company earnings. This change in restructuring will have an effect on current earnings and will need to be reported properly in their 2007 Income Statement. AWI must report this continuing activity properly under US Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP). The FASB Accounting Standards Codification (ASC), commonly known as GAAP has specific standards that must be followed in order to classify the disposal of an entity as discontinued or continues operation of a component of an entity. Under the guidance of numerous ASC’s, AWI does not meet the two conditions to report their PSC closures as discontinued operations. The criteria used, assessment period, presentation, and disclosure for this retail company will be explained in detail when applying proper GAAP. A component of an entity comprises operations and cash flows that can be clearly distinguished, operationally and for financial reporting purposes, from the rest of the entity; it may be a reportable segment or an operating segment, a reporting unit, a subsidiary, or an asset group in which Auto World determined correctly under the first requirement that the PSC met the definition of a â€Å"component of an entity† (ASC 205-20-20). The two conditions for reporting the disposed transaction as discontinued operations are: The results of operations of a component of an entity that either has been disposed of or is classified as held for sale under the requirements of paragraph 360-10-45-9, shall be reported in discontinued operations in accordance with paragraph 205-20-45-3 if both of the following conditions are met: 1. The operations and cash flows of the component have been (or will be) eliminated from the ongoing operations of the entity as a result of the disposal transaction. 2. The entity will not have any significant continuing involvement in the operations of the component after the disposal transaction (ASC 205-20-45-1). Several steps below will be used to explain why the disposal of the PSC stores should be considered a continuation of operations rather than discontinue of operations (ASC 205-20-55-3). These three steps along with their respective answers are also depicted in a flow chart (see Appendix A). Step one asks are continuing cash flows expected to be generated by the ongoing entity? Yes, the continuing cash flows are being generated by ABC from transactions with customers from PSC. Step two asks if the continuing cash flows result from a migration or continuation of activities. The continuing cash flows are the result of a migration from the closed PSC’s to the â€Å"one stop† ABC. ABC sells products similar to those sold in the closed retail stores. After the closure of the Pit Stop Centers, Auto World estimates that there will be continuing cash flows from the sale of automotive services and tires by the ongoing ABC’s of approximately $600 million. Auto World estimates that the Pit Stop Centers would have generated approximately $700 million of sales absent the disposal transaction (PSC Case). Step three asks if the continuing cash flows are significant. Yes, the ongoing ABC estimates the continuing cash inflows will approximate 86 percent (see Appendix B) of that would have been generated by PSC’s absent the disposal transaction. AWI is expecting these actions to generate significant cash flow in 2007 and to increase free cash flow in 2008. AWI is also expecting to yield improvements in operating earnings of approximately $58 million in 2008 to be significant leading to the classification as a discontinued operation to be inappropriate (ASC 205-20-55-70). Since stakeholders rely on financial statements to base their decisions and to project future cash flows, current information presented must be accurate under GAAP Under the second requirement, one issue I have identified is the intentions of management’s decisions to improve their company’s net earnings. The professional literature I relied on are these two statements, â€Å"the actions we are announcing today will further enhance our ability to increase market share and improve sales and earnings at our company† and â€Å"in this regard, we remain committed to the automotive business and we expect to deliver significant additional profitable growth† were made by Mr. Bobby, chairman and chief executive officer. When considering the use and disclosure of restructuring charges, depending on the industry, there should not be re-occurring â€Å"restructuring cost† line item on the Income Statement year after year. Closing the PSC stores as of the second quarter in June 2007 is an event taking place in 2007 which can happen only once. If management continues to show this type of special/unusual charge in future periods, the question of integrity should be raised. Management does not want to give off the impression of possibly smoothing earnings by using restructuring charges. â€Å"Once a decision to restructure is made, GAAP requires companies to estimate the future costs they expect to incur to carry out the restructuring for such things as plant closings (AWI currently estimates it will incur restructuring and other charges totaling $52 million pre-tax). These estimated restructuring costs are then charged to an expense account with an offsetting credit to a liability account (Restructuring reserve) in the current period† (Revsine, pg 155). In developing my recommendation and conclusion for resolving this issue, management should make a foot note explaining these changes which will allow stakeholders to make better decisions. The new re-structured ABC will continue to sell automotive parts that were previously sold through the PSC’s, and under the ASC, PSC store closures are not considered and cannot be reported as a discontinued operation in AWI’s second quarter financial statements. The continuing cash flows are being generated by ABC from transactions with customers from PSC, given by the level of significance of 86 percent for this continuing cash flow subsequent to the disposal transaction.

How to become a legal nurse consultant

How to become a legal nurse consultant These days, it’s cool to be a hyphenate- you know, like actor-activist, graphic designer-herbalist, or dentist-beekeeper. Basically, people who have strong professional skill sets in multiple areas are highly sought after, as industries look for employees who are versatile. And when you throw in healthcare, possibly the hottest industry around, you’re getting into very marketable territory. If you’ve ever found yourself trying to combine nursing skills with a bit of legal eagle expertise, then we might have a new career path for you: legal nurse consultant. What does a legal nurse consultant do?Legal nurse consultants (LNCs) are specialized nurses who provide medical expertise to people or groups who handle legal issues, like lawyers, court officers, lawmakers, insurance companies, or government agencies. For example, in a lawsuit or court case where the defendant claims he was injured, a legal nurse consultant might be brought in to assess the defendant’s medical records or testify about a particular kind of injury in general. Or if an insurance company is investigating the validity of a person’s claim, the legal nurse consultant might be called in to share expertise. Basically, a legal nurse consultant can be the bridge between the legal and healthcare worlds.A legal nurse consultant’s responsibilities may include:Reading and interpreting medical records/historiesWorking with attorneys to draft legal documents with medically sound informationProviding background medical researchInterviewing clientsOffering advice and medical insight to legal professionals about particular health issues or nursing practices in generalConsulting on healthcare legislationWriting reportsTestifying in court as a witnessLegal nurse consultants are often hired directly by law firms, government agencies, insurance companies, nonprofits, healthcare facilities, or forensic laboratories. There are also legal nurse consulting firms that employ LN Cs and have them work with clients on a consultant basis. LNCs may also go into business for themselves, setting up direct client relationships. They may work part-time (balancing legal duties with other nursing jobs) or full-time, depending on the employer. About half of LNCs are directly employed by private institutions, while the other half are independent contractors.What skills do LNCs need?Legal nurse consultants need to have two very strong skill sets: medical/clinical and legal. After all, their work depends on having expertise in both areas. While nurses do need strong hands-on patient care skills in general, the skills needed for this specialty tend to be more administrative in nature.Critical thinking skills.  Legal nurse consultants are responsible for analyzing medical data or situations, and applying it to a very particular legal context. So the LNC should be good at making connections, seeing patterns, and recalling details in order to solve a problem or create a na rrative.Organizational skills.  In both healthcare and the legal world, there’s little room for sloppiness- mistakes can endanger someone’s health or livelihood and affect the outcome of binding legal judgments. So an LNC needs to be able to organize information accurately and efficiently, particularly when it comes to written documents or medical records.Clinical skills.  Much of the job is providing current, accurate medical expertise, so it’s important for the LNC to have a strong medical background. If the nurse already has a specialty (like elder care or pediatrics), it’s also essential to stay on top of developments and trends in those fields, even if he or she isn’t actively practicing as a nurse anymore.Knowledge of legal terminology.  A legal nurse consultant isn’t an attorney, but he or she needs to have as good a grasp on legal terminology, as well as medical terminology, in order to work most efficiently with legal professi onals and provide high-quality consulting.Communication skills.  Being a legal nurse consultant is often a public-facing role (like when testifying in court), so being able to communicate effectively is essential. A legal nurse consultant’s reputation is based on the reliability of their information; so he or she should be able to present information clearly and authoritatively, with clean speaking and writing.What do you need to become an LNC?The main starting point to become a legal nurse consultant is a nursing degree and certification. You need that clinical base before you can specialize. At a minimum, legal nurse consultants have a bachelor’s degree in nursing, plus certification as an RN (which means passing the NCLEX and getting licensed by the state). States can have different requirements, so be sure to research what your particular state requires to become a registered nurse.This is also not an entry-level specialty for nurses. Most legal nurse consultants have at least five years’ experience in nursing practice before becoming a consultant. After all, you have to build expertise before you can share it with others and be an authority.If you choose to specialize in this area, many nursing programs offer training classes to develop the necessary legal skills. And although certification isn’t necessarily a requirement for working as a legal nurse consultant, many employers prefer to work with nurses who hold a certification from the American Legal Nurse Consultant Certification Board (ALNCC).How much do LNCs make?This can be a very lucrative career path for nurses. Most legal nurse consultants work on an hourly basis, with LNCs employed by law firms or private companies typically billing $60-100 per hour, and independent consultants typically billing $65-200 per hour. LNCs may also be able to charge premium fees for providing expert testimony, with average fees ranging from $150-200 per hour for these highly specialized s ervices.What’s the outlook for LNCs?Very bright indeed. Healthcare and nursing jobs are growing exponentially as it is, and legal changes to the healthcare and insurance industries are providing even more openings for nurses with this extra layer of legal expertise.If you’re looking for a nursing specialty that lets you reach outside the medical field and maybe even add a little legal drama, then becoming a legal nurse consultant could be a lucrative, challenging, and productive choice for your next career steps. Good luck!

Terms of Arithmetic and Math in Spanish

Terms of Arithmetic and Math in Spanish You can talk about math in Spanish by learning a few basic terms. Many of the words are ones you already may know from other contexts. Spanish Terms of Arithmetic Here are the words for the simple mathematical functions and how theyre used with numbers: Addition (Suma):  Dos ms tres son cinco. (Two plus three is five.) Note that in other contexts, ms is usually an adverb. Subtraction (Resta):  Cinco menos cuatro son uno. (Five minus four is one.) Multiplication (Multiplicacià ³n):  Tres por cuatro son doce. (Three times four is twelve.) In other contexts, por is a common preposition. Division (Divisià ³n):  Doce dividido entre cuatro son tres. (Twelve divided by four is three.) Doce dividido por cuatro son tres. (Twelve divided by four is three.) Entre is another common preposition. Note that all of these sentences use the verb son, which is plural, in contrast with the singular verb is of English. It is also possible to use es or  the phrase es igual a (is equal to). Other Mathematical Terms Here are some less common mathematical terms: el cuadrado de - the square ofel cubo de - the cube ofecuacià ³n - equationelevado a la enà ©sima potencia - raised to the nth powerfuncià ³n - functionnà ºmero imaginario - imaginary numberpromedio - average, meanquebrado, fraccià ³n - fractionraà ­z cuadrada - square rootraà ­z cà ºbica - cube root Sample Sentences Solo un idiota que no sabe que dos ms dos son  cuatro le creerà ­a. (Only an idiot who doesnt know that two plus two equals four would believe him.) Una fraccià ³n es un nà ºmero  que se obtiene de dividir un entero en partes iguales. (A fraction is a number that is obtained by dividing a whole number into equal parts.) Pi se obtiene al dividir la circunferencia de un cà ­rculo del dimetro. (Pi is obtained by dividing the circumference of a circle by the diameter.) El triple de un nà ºmero menos el doble del mismo nà ºmero son ese nà ºmero. (Three times a number minus two times that number is that number.) Una funcià ³n es como una mquina: tiene una entrada y una salida. (A function is like a machine: It has an input and an output.) Una ecuacià ³n es una igualdad matemtica entre dos expresiones matemticas. (An equation is an equality between two mathematical expressions.) La ciudad est dividida en dos partes iguales. (The city is divided into two equal parts.)  ¿Cul es el resultado de dividir 20 por 0.5? (What is the quotient of 20 divided by 0.5?) El cuadrado de un nà ºmero menos el doble del mismo nà ºmero son 48.  ¿Cul es ese nà ºmero? (The square root of a number minus double the same number is 48. What is that number?) El promedio de edad de los estudiantes es de 25 aà ±os. (The average age of the students is 25.) La divisià ³n entre cero es una indeterminacià ³n. Asà ­Ã‚  la expresià ³n 1/0 carece de sentio. (Division by zero yields an indeterminable number. Thus the expression 1/0 doesnt make sense.) Los nà ºmeros imaginarios pueden describirse como el producto de un nà ºmero real por la unidad imaginaria i, en donde i denota la raà ­z cuadrada de -1. (Imaginary numbers can be described as the product of a real number by the imaginary unit i, where  i denotes the square root of -1.)

Managing innovation and technology case study Essay

Managing innovation and technology case study - Essay Example The phone was called IBM Simon and it is regarded as the first Smartphone (Sager, 2012). The concept of Smartphones however dates back to 1970s. IBM Simon was the first commercial cell phone to have a touch screen interface. Since the launch of IBM Simon, the market for Smartphones has grown tremendously. After the launch of I Phone in 2007, the market for Smartphones changed significantly. Companies started to come up with innovative designs and features for customers. I Phone actually showed cell phone manufactures the potential market of Smartphones. Since then the market has grown at a greater pace and many big companies have entered the market of Smartphones like Google and HTC (Market Research, 2012). Smartphones are different from regular cell phones because of their superior features and enhanced connectivity. They are based on mobile operating systems that provide users with greater speed, innovative features, and enhanced internet connectivity. Smartphones usually have touch screen interface which adds to the features and design of the phone. All these unique characteristics of Smartphones make them popular among the general public. There are many advantages of Smartphones like portability, better internet connectivity, increased memory space, and user friendly operating systems. Smartphones combine, to some degree, features of a regular phone and a computer. They allow users to send and receive emails, and also to browse the internet (Jones, 2012). These phones also have mobile based operating system that allows better integration with applications of different manufacturers. The main advantage of a Smartphone is its portability as one can carry it almost anywhere and can enjoy its features even on the move. Smartphones also have some disadvantages. Smartphones have made us increasingly dependent on technology. There seems to now work life balance in our lives as we are always ‘connected’ to the world. Smartphones also

Week 7 discussion Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Week 7 discussion - Assignment Example ication, under Mike Zafirovski embarked on an innovative transformation of the company by revamping its Research and Development department, and experimenting with the emerging technologies. Nortel Telecommunications spent an approximate amount of 2 billion dollars in revamping its R and D department. 20% of this amount was directed towards emerging technology, 60% towards supporting it core business operations, and 20% in boosting its declining products. As a result of these tendencies, the company developed the 2.0 web application that made it possible for employees to interact with one another while on the internet (Gertner, 2012). However, this was an effective innovation in turning the fortunes of the company. Gartner denotes that this was because the company was experiencing a decline in its sales revenue, and the 20% of the total amount given to R and D was not sufficient enough to facilitate the development of products that will improve the market share of the organization (2012). The web 2.0 was also not conducive for the organization, since the company needed a technology that could help it interact with the customers, as well as with its employees (Gertner, 2012). On this note, there was a disconnect between the objectives of the company, and the innovations developed. Gertner further denotes that the main objective of Mike Zafirovski was to increase the profitability of the company (2012). He was to achieve his objectives by developing products that reflected the needs of the customers. However, this was not the case. The results of this disconnection that amounted from failure of a company to develop an innovation product that reflected its objectives was a drop in its financial position, thereby resulting to losses and subsequent filling of bankruptcy on January 14th 2009 (Gertner, 2012). One of the strategies of solving this problem is highlighting the goals and objectives of the business organization. While innovating, it is essential to

The Mixtec Culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

The Mixtec Culture - Essay Example As the discussion stresses there is no definite history of the Mixtec, but the furthest that archaeology can trace their history is in the valley of Oaxaca, which was home to three major language groups: the Zapotecs, Nahus, and the Mixtec. History has it that the Zapotecs dominated the valley, while the other two occupied the centre of the valley, although some Mixtecs lived beyond the valley in the west. The Mixtec presence in Oaxaca is traceable to three full centuries before the invasion of Spanish conquest, in the 14th century, seemingly through intermarriage with the Zapotecs. Terraciano explains that a Mixtec lord got into marriage with a Zapotec maiden, and they were given the Culiacan population as a gift after the marriage. This was a contributing factor to the emergence and growth of the Mixtec population in the valley of Oaxaca. Before this event, the two would meet in trading gold and other commodities. However, after the two began co-existing, the Mixtec invaded and too k over the Zapotecs’ capital, bringing back the rivalry between them though it was not long before the Zapotecs got their land and city back.This paper discusses that  the Mixtecs in the early colonial and post-classic periods had an invention of their own writing that was pictographic. They painted on deerskin, paper and cloth before the Spanish conquest came in with their own dictatorial that the images be directed to Spanish officials. This forced the Mixtecs to come up with multicultural forms of communicating to both the indigenous natives and Spanish aliens. To write on the deer hide and paper made from fig tree barks, the Mixtec would apply gesso paste or lime plaster on two surfaces to create the smooth writing surface then sewed them together to form a screenfold manuscript. Such manuscripts could fold back over the other, allowing the two surfaces to be viewed individually. On average, a folded manuscript was the size of a book but after stretching, was about ten metres in full size. These forms of picturesque writings are referred to as codices. The writings usually featured three styles of expression: direct representation of images (logograms and ideograms), phonetic transcription (use of symbols to represent words), and conventional imagery (the use of images to pass an idea or word without using language). All these forms of writing applied throughout Mesoamerica, and were usually meant for public use as they mostly carried information concerning recitations and public performance guides such as music, dances, songs, and drama performances (Terraciano 15-16). The Mesoamerican calendar The Mixtecs had a sacred calendar similar to the other Mesoamerican cultures whose scared calendars had two-hundred and sixty days. This ritual calendar was called the Tzolkin and used to tell the day. In their

The business strategy of talent management

The business strategy of talent management In todays world when the global economy is striving to recover and re-stabilise the growth, many of the organisations are hit by a major crisis in the area of talent management. In an attempt to save them from being subjected to huge debts and liquidation, many of the organisations made quick moves in removing their employees on a large scale from the rolls during the peak of recession. There were no set criteria for terminating many of them. In some cases, certain employees were terminated for the reason that they were too costly for the organisation to maintain them in rolls. Many of those organisations hardly recalled the great work those employees had done, in contributing to the success of those organisations in the past before recession was hit. At least few among those organisations decided to forget the fact that those highly paid employees are the master architects in their organisations. Had they been retained, those organisations might have recovered from recession much qu icker. This is where the talent management would play its role to strategically retain the highly potential and key employees, recruit new competitive talents and remove those employees who were adding no value to their organisations. Talent management would be the key business strategy in such a scenario. INTRODUCTION Talent management has been a prevalent concept in the administration of organisations since many decades. However, in the recent past this concept has changed its dimension from being merely observed from the point of recruitment, to an array of areas like organizational capability, business success, individual development, performance enhancement, succession planning, leadership accountability and more. It has developed as a business strategy in todays highly competitive world. In many organisations Talent management has become the top priority for the management and HR today. According to Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development (CIPD), the forces driving Talent management are the external issues and internal demands which include but are not limited to highly aggressive global markets, demographic trends, shortage of skills, corporate governance and business strategy(CIPD, 2010). Every industry needs to recruit and retain the right kind of people with the right set of skil ls. This is where each organisation should strategise their approach on talent management in line with the industry in order to ensure that their employees are delivering the best performance. Organisations want to ensure the value for money by evaluating the talent invested by the work-force and managing their talent pool consistently. Lawler states that, for a talent management system to be effective, the fit between the employee and the employer has to be right, and mere recruitment and introduction of highly qualified people to the organisation alone does not add much value (Lawler .E.E ,2008). Many of the huge multinational companies feel the need to advance their talent mix rapidly and more effectively as they do realise the need to take their organisation a step further ahead along with the continuously changing business environment around them. DEFINTION In simple terms Talent Management is getting the right people with the right skills into the right jobs. CIPD defines talent management as the systematic attraction, identification, development, engagement/ retention and deployment of those individuals who are of particular value to an organisation, either in view of their high potential for the future or because they are fulfilling business/operation-critical roles (CIPD,2010). It is also told that talent management should begin with the identification of key positions that delivers sustainable competitive advantage to the organisation. This way there has to be more differentiation in the roles within an organisation which would create an exceptional impact by those individuals who would deliver sustainable competitive advantage to an organisation against the average backups. These people are important for the successful continuity of the organisation. A highly efficient HR structure has to be in place to fill in the key positions w ith these highly talented key people. Once these steps are taken, appropriate HR policies should be deployed to ensure that the individuals who hold the key positions in an organisation are supported with key HR policies for them to deliver results successfully (Human Resource Management Review, 2009). TALENT MANAGEMENT: EFFECTIVE STRATEGIES If an organisation has a strong talent management plan, which is aligned parallel to their business strategy, then there are higher chances that they would achieve their business success. Talent management and business strategies of an organisation can further be strengthened together through several small but regular events that happen in an organisation, laying attention on talent enhancement and through constant interaction of senior leaders with the employees. This way, management could keep the employees informed of where they are heading towards as an organisation, how they want the organisation to stage their performance and finally what the organisation expects from the employees, to take their firm to success. Talent reviews are conducted in depth while organisations use strategic workforce planning. They also re-position talent to different levels to achieve future needs, try to come up with a mix of the available internal talent pool along with the new hires from the external talent pool. They always make a deliberate attempt to retain the critical talent the organisation possesses and at the same they ensure that business strategy is on same page with the human capital strategy. Talent management strategies should be aligned to the strategic business objectives with the support from the management, co-ordination between departments, through the resources made available to the employees, performance review mechanisms and a common platform to share (The Conference Board, 2010). Different departments have to adopt different strategies which suit their functioning within an organisation. FEATURES OF TALENT MANAGEMENT STRATEGY According to CIPD, following are the key features of talent management strategy. i. Aligned to Corporate Strategy Talent management strategy should always be closely aligned to corporate strategy. It is necessary to take into consideration both internal and external factors while a talent strategy is designed. As mentioned earlier talent management strategy varies from industry to industry. Hence, the HR management team should have a clear picture of the strategic analysis from the business perspective to create a talent management strategy that suits its industry. ii. Narrow and Broad Approaches Some organisations decide to focus on developing talent according to the current situation and need. In such cases it can be noticed that the attention is laid only on certain departments or specific positions or some particular processes and projects. On the other hand there are certain organisations which prefer to take a holistic approach to talent management where in they try to spread the focus on the entire workforce in an organisation. There is nothing right or wrong about either of these approaches. It just matters on which approach suits their organisation the best for the time being. However, it is imperative to ensure that fairness and consistency are the key ingredients of all talent management processes. To enable the organisation to draw talent from all the possible sources, talent management processes should be highly diverse. iii. Involving the right people 1. Human Resources Team HR team provides the basic structure and design to develop the pathway to talent management strategy that would encompass the requirements of an organisation. An HR team can play an active role in this process only by directly coordinating with all the other groups involved in this design. 2. Senior Management Team The key senior managers and directors in an organisation have a major role in this process, as they represent all the functions, departments and aspects of an organisation. They work closely with the HR team to set the direction to the talent management strategy. 3. Line Managers Line managers also play crucial roles in almost every phase of this process, as they are immediately responsible for the management of performance and identification, development and retention of talents within their teams. Emphasis has to be laid to convince the line managers to view talent as a corporate resource and not just as a local resource limited only to a particular frame. 4. Employees They are the participants and they play a major role in this process. It is their talent which is managed through this process. Hence, it is vital to seek for their feedback in designing the developmental process. Their feedbacks are of great value for the talent managers and organisation to continue, improve or if required re-design the organisations talent management strategy. ROLES OF SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND HR The management of talent within an organisation should ideally start from the senior management level. A good amount of their time and focus has to be spent on talent management. The emphasis they give on talent management varies from industry to industry. According to Lawler, senior managers need to focus 30-50 percent of their time on talent management, and may be even more would be essential if the organisation is a professional service firm (Lawler .E.E, 2008). The adequate planning they carry out on human capital allows the senior management to assess the impact, the qualified talent available in their organisation make on business strategies, performance and success. In todays highly competitive environment, business leaders can no longer have a notion that, it is the responsibility of the Human Resources Department alone to assess, filter, encourage and retain the talent in an organisation. Senior leaders need to stay focused continually on bringing in and retaining the talent which would lead the organisation to the success in the midst of constant changes in the market. Management and the human resources department of an organisation should have transparent discussions in terms of human capital to have a clear understanding of organisations direction. Such discussions enable them to gauge the depth of the qualified talent pool available in their organisation and what their requirements might be in the future (The Conference Board, 2010). MANAGING TALENT ON DEMAND Peter Cappelli through his book Talent on demand presented the four principles of managing talent on demand. According to Cappelli, Talent management has some failures. The mismatch between people (supply) and skills (demand) is one among them. This literally means that there is a very huge pool of employees on one side, because of which there is recruitment, layoffs and restructuring happening. On the other side there is very limited talent and skills available that could hardly fit into the need. This mismatch is posing a big threat to the organisations. Cappelli suggested a new approach which has a clear goal in place as the first step. This approach describes the goal of talent management as a pathway which leads the organisation to achieve their objectives, which is the business success. Achievement of objectives is made possible through the recognition, quick response and resolution of the problems that organisations face. These problems mainly arise through the rapid change in the markets and the highly aggressive global environment. In response to these rapid changes, organisations make quick changes in operations, strategies and structures. These decisions are not always made with a clear strategy in place. However, a delay in response in taking a decision might prove it quite costly too. As mentioned earlier major risks in talent management are 1) the mismatch between the employees (supply) and skills (demand) and 2) cost of losing organisations investment in talents, when an employee cannot be retained in an organisation. Cappelli states that the basic aspect of the new model is that it accepts uncertainty as an eternal element in the business world that could react and adjust to the changes. The new model is built on the techniques used in Operations Research, Supply chain management and Business forecasting. Keeping in mind uncertainty as the biggest challenge, Cappelli has formulated four principles of managing talent. (Cappelli.P, 2008). Principle 1: Make and Buy to manage demand According to Cappelli, there are two different aspects for risk. One is the unpredictable nature of the outcome of a risk and the other is the cost of the outcome. Managing risk by evaluating the costs of various outcomes is easier than trying to reduce the uncertainty. Bringing this to the context of talent management, it is possible to estimate the loss, that could be caused when an internally developed talent leaves an organization. This loss outweighs the cost of recruiting a new talent from the market. Cappelli explains that the costs of the uncertainty in this case could be dealt either by developing the internal talent (making) or by hiring talent from outside (buying). This way through the internal development and external hiring, the risks and related expenditure could be minimised. Principle 2: Reduce the uncertainty in the talent development This principle revolves around the means to minimise the uncertainty linked to the prediction of demand for talent. The business forecasting techniques are less advanced to handle these predictions in the fast changing and highly competitive environment. Predicting those positions which would be vacant in a long term and finding a people internally to fill those vacancies may not be the right approach. It is almost impossible to predict such business situations ahead. It is better to develop a larger talent pool with a wider spectrum of competencies that can fit into the new vacancies that come up, with the help of basic training and coaching. Cappelli suggests that shorter forecasts are better than longer ones as they are easier to be predicted and tackled. Hence, training a group of employees, keeping in mind a set of developments which would occur in the next couple of years may not produce the desired result as the prediction cannot be accurate. However, training a group of emplo yees for a shorter term would benefit more, as that training would be functionally specific to the current context. New trainees could also be added to the group if someone leaves. Principle 3: Earn a Return on Investments in Developing Employees The recovery of investments in talent is tough, when the need for their skills over a longer period of time is not predictable. It can also happen so, that the employee acquires numerous skills from an organisation and leaves them abruptly. According to Cappelli, it is wiser to recruit smaller groups of employees for a shorter period of time than recruiting a larger group as it is easier to forecast the need for talent required for a shorter period. Getting the employees share the costs also is a means to recover the investments. Employees could be given options to take up talent development programs voluntarily, which they could attend after their regular work hours. This skill enhancement would benefit the employees and the organisation and at the same time would save the regular working hours of the organisation as well. Yet another approach to develop employees, concentrates more on the benefits, the organisation would gain than the cost factor, through the contributions received from the employees by getting them onboard quicker. Principle 4: Balance Employee Interests by Using an Internal Market Earlier employees were not given the option to choose their career decisions within an organisation. This approach lead organisations to trouble as the talented employees left them and found opportunities in other organisations with ease. To retain their employees, many organisations have introduced the approach of internal job boards which provides flexibility to an employee to change jobs internally. With the introduction of internal job boards, employers have left the concept of career planning for their employees. The drawback noticed in this approach is that the employer doesnt possess much control over their internal talent (Cappelli, 2008). Cappellis concept of talent management focuses on the objectives of the organisation. It has a unique way of managing the risks posed by talents that has risen from the unpredictable nature of the business demand and high volatility of the competitive global markets. This approach of talent management throws light upon the ways to recover the investments made on employees and also the importance of internal job movement which retains the talents within the organisation itself. CONCLUSION As seen throughout the essay, talent management has been always regarded as a strategic element in the functioning of an organisation. In the earlier days it was viewed more from the perspective of recruitment, and HR was the only team involved in talent management. However, this trend has changed over years and talent management is open to a wider spectrum of people today, positioned at the different levels of the hierarchy and multiple areas of an organisation which includes the key senior management, line managers and the participants apart from the HR. Further looking into the latest trends and approaches which are introduced in the talent management strategy, it is absolutely evident that Talent Management has evolved as a business strategy over years and it is no longer considered as an approach to HR that will help companies implement business strategy. Every talent management strategy discussed in the modern context relates directly to the growth of an organisation in a highl y competitive world. Today, Human capital is considered to be the most valuable asset of an organisation which controls its growth. In such a scenario there is no wonder that Talent management has evolved as a strong business strategy.