House Un-American Activities Committee

House Un-American Activities Committee The House Un-American Activities Committee was engaged for over three decades to examine incendiary movement in American culture. The board of trustees started working in 1938, yet its most prominent effect came following World War II, when it occupied with a profoundly pitched campaign against suspected socialists. The advisory group exertedâ a expansive effect on society, to the degree that expressions, for example, naming names turned out to be a piece of the language, alongside Are you now or have you at any point been an individual from the Communist Party? A summon to affirm before the board of trustees, regularly known as HUAC, could crash someones vocation. Furthermore, a few Americans basically had their lives decimated by the councils activities. Numerous names called to affirm before the board during its most persuasive period, in the late 1940s and 1950s, are recognizable, and incorporate on-screen character Gary Cooper, artist and maker Walt Disney, folksinger Pete Seeger, and future government official Ronald Reagan. Others called to affirm are far less recognizable today, partially on the grounds that their prominence was finished when HUAC came calling. 1930s: The Dies Committee The board of trustees was first formedâ as the brainchild of a congressman from Texas, Martin Dies. A moderate Democrat who had upheld country New Deal programs during Franklin Roosevelts first term, Dies had become disappointed when Roosevelt and his bureau exhibited support for the work development. Bites the dust, who had a style for get to know compelling columnists and pulling in exposure, asserted socialists had broadly invaded American trade guilds. In a whirlwind of action, the recently shaped council, in 1938, started making allegations about socialist impact in the United States. There was at that point talk battle, helped along by moderate papers and observers, for example, the extremely mainstream radio character and cleric Father Coughlin, claiming the Roosevelt organization held socialist supporters and remote radicals. Kicks the bucket profited by the well known allegations. The Dies Committee turned into an installation in paper title texts as it held hearings concentrated on how government officials responded to strikes by trade guilds. President Roosevelt responded by making his own features. In a question and answer session on October 25, 1938, Roosevelt censured the boards exercises, specifically, its assaults on the legislative head of Michigan, who was running for reelection.â A story on the first page of the New York Times the next day said the presidents analysis of the advisory group had been conveyed in scathing terms. Roosevelt was offended that the board of trustees had assaulted the representative over moves he had made during a significant strike at car plants in Detroit the earlier year. Notwithstanding open skirmishing between the council and the Roosevelt organization, the Dies Committee proceeded with its work. It in the end named in excess of 1,000 government laborers as being suspected socialists, and basically made a format for what might happen in later years. The Hunt for Communists In America Crafted by the House Un-American Activities Committee blurred in essentialness during World War II. That was incompletely in light of the fact that the United States was aligned with the Soviet Union, and the requirement for the Russians to help rout the Nazis exceeded prompt worries about socialism. What's more, obviously, the publics consideration was centered around the war itself. At the point when the war finished, worries about socialist invasion in American life came back to the features. The panel was reconstituted under the initiative of a traditionalist New Jersey congressman, J. Parnell Thomas. In 1947 a forceful examination started of suspected socialist impact in the film business. On October 20, 1947, the council started hearings in Washington in which noticeable individuals from the film business affirmed. On the principal day, studio heads Jack Warner and Louis B. Mayer reprimanded what they called un-American essayists in Hollywood, and swore not to utilize them. The writer Ayn Rand, who was filling in as a screenwriter in Hollywood, additionally affirmed and condemned an ongoing melodic film, Song of Russia, as a vehicle of socialist publicity. The hearings proceeded for a considerable length of time, and unmistakable names called to affirm ensured features. Walt Disney showed up as an amicable observer communicating fears of socialism, as did entertainer and future president Ronald Reagan, who was filling in as the leader of the on-screen characters association, the Screen Actors Guild. The Hollywood Ten The environment of the hearings changed when the board of trustees called various Hollywood journalists who had been blamed for being socialists. The gathering, which included Ring Lardner, Jr., and Dalton Trumbo, would not affirm about their past affiliations and suspected association with the Communist Party or socialist adjusted associations. The unfriendly observers got known as the Hollywood Ten. Various noticeable the big time characters, including Humphrey Bogart and Lauren Bacall, framed a board of trustees to help the gathering, guaranteeing their established rights were being stomped on. In spite of open shows of help, the antagonistic observers were at last accused of hatred of Congress. Subsequent to being attempted and indicted, the individuals from the Hollywood Ten served one-year terms in government detainment facilities. Following their legitimate experiences, the Hollywood Ten were viably boycotted and couldnt work in Hollywood under their own names.â The Blacklists Individuals in the diversion business blamed for socialist of rebellious perspectives started to beâ blacklisted. A booklet called Red Channels was distributed in 1950 which named 151 entertainers, screenwriters, and executives associated with being socialists. Different arrangements of suspected subversives circled, and the individuals who were named were routinely boycotted. In 1954, the Ford Foundation supported a report on boycotting drove by a previous magazine editorial manager John Cogley. In the wake of contemplating the training, the report reasoned that the boycott in Hollywood was not just genuine, it was incredible. A first page story in the New York Times on June 25, 1956, depicted the training in extensive detail. As per Cogleys report, the act of boycotting could be followed to the instance of the Hollywood Ten being named by the House Un-American Activities Committee. After three weeks, an article in the New York Times summed up some significant parts of boycotting: Mr. Cogleys report, distributed a month ago, found that boycotting is all around acknowledged as a face of life in Hollywood, establishes a mystery and overly complex universe of political screening in the radio and TV fields, and is presently an integral part of life on Madison Avenue among promoting organizations that control many radio and TV programs. The House Committee on Un-American Activities reacted to the report on boycotting by calling the creator of the report, John Cogley before the council. During his declaration, Cogley was basically blamed for attempting to help conceal socialists when he would not uncover classified sources. The Alger Hiss Case In 1948 HUAC was at the focal point of a significant contention when columnist Whitaker Chambers, while affirming before the council, charged a State Department official, Alger Hiss, of having been a Russian government agent. The Hiss case immediately turned into a sensation in the press, and a youthful congressman from California, Richard M. Nixon, an individual from the council, focused on Hiss. Murmur denied the allegations by Chambers during his own declaration before the panel. He likewise moved Chambers to rehash the allegations outside of a congressional hearing (and past congressional insusceptibility), so he could sue him for slander. Chambers rehashed the charge on a TV program and Hiss sued him. Chambers at that point created microfilmed reports which he said Hiss had given to him years sooner. Congressman Nixon made a big deal about the microfilm, and it moved his political profession. Murmur was in the long run accused of prevarication, and after two preliminaries he was sentenced and served three years in government jail. Discussions about the blame orâ innocent of Hiss have proceeded for quite a long time. The End of HUAC The advisory group proceeded with its work through the 1950s, however its significance appeared to blur. During the 1960s, it directed its concentration toward the Anti-War Movement. Be that as it may, after the boards of trustees prime of the 1950s, it didn't draw in much open consideration. A 1968 article about the board of trustees in the New York Times noticed that while it was once flushed with magnificence HUAC had made little mix in ongoing years...â Hearings to explore the Yippies, the radical and contemptuous political group drove by Abbie Hoffman and Jerry Rubin, in the fall of 1968 transformed into an anticipated bazaar. Numerous individuals from Congress started to see the advisory group as old. In 1969, with an end goal to remove the board from its dubious past, it was renamed the House Internal Security Committee. Endeavors to disband the board picked up energy, initiated by Father Robert Drinan, a Jesuit minister filling in as a congressman from Massachusetts. Drinan, who was extremely worried about the common freedoms maltreatment of the board of trustees, was cited in the New York Times: Father Drinan said he would keep on attempting to slaughter the panel so as to improve the picture of Congress and shield the protection of residents from the offensive and incredible dossiers kept up by the committee.The board of trustees keeps documents on teachers, writers, housewives, lawmakers, specialists, understudies, and other genuine, legit people from all aspects of the United States who, not at all like the advocates of the boycotting exercises of HISC, the First Amendment at face esteem, he said. On January 13, 1975, the Democ

African American Athletes Essay

American understudy competitors have consistently confronted generalizations all through the homeroom, being viewed as self-isolating or â€Å"dumb jocks† that truly wouldn’t be at school on the off chance that it weren’t for their athletic capacity. Despite the fact that these generalizations are applied to both white and dark competitors, African American understudies, particularly men, feel it more than their white partners. African Americans are as of now, generally, seen as mentally substandard, so when they are found in a scholastic situation they are consequently judged. In the event that they didn’t get into school only for being dark, they got into school for being a dark competitor. Reasons are made with regards to why African American understudy competitors and professional competitors overwhelm in the realm of sports by and large. From the time the dark competitor ventured into the games field and started to rival whites, white individuals have been searching for a clarification. In his article Sailes investigates the fantasies and generalizations encompassing African American competitors, the vast majority of which have been made by whites. In inexactly imitated the examination that Sailes directed with his understudies and in doing so I found that the generalizations he talks about do exist and numerous individuals emphatically have confidence in a portion of the fantasies. I met both male and female competitors and non-competitors the same and shockingly the greater part of their solutions to my inquiries were the equivalent. I posed them no different five inquiries; 1. Do you think African Americans command in sports? 2. Which Sports? 3. Are there sure positions they are better at? 4. Why? 5. Is their manner on the field or court not quite the same as that of a white competitor? furthermore, 6. Have you heard any legends concerning why dark competitors are better? Interviewee #1, A white female on the ball group at Gettysburg College felt that dark competitors were better at all games and in all positions, however especially in b-ball and football. She has gained for a fact that dark competitors are all the more uproarious and forceful. It was her conviction that African Americans are better at sports in light of hereditary qualities. She additionally said that it could be on the grounds that truly they have done hard work and had modest occupations, so their state of being has developed. The one legend she has heard is that African Americans have an additional bone in their leg which makes them fit for bouncing higher and running quicker. Interviewee # 2, an African American football player expressed that blacks are better at all games, however particularly football, in such situations as cornerback, running back, and wide collector. When inquired as to why he felt this is genuine his answer was â€Å"because we’re simply frightful like that. † concerning legends he reviewed one of his secondary school colleagues communicating to him that blacks were better because in light of the fact that they despite everything had some monkey left in them. Interviewee # 3, a white college alumni, non-competitor explained that blacks are better at any game they attempt however in no places that require intellectual prowess or thought. He said that they are not generally acceptable quarterbacks since they aren’t savvy enough. At the point when I asked him for what good reason, his reaction was, â€Å"because they are stupid N’s†. He accepts that they become competitors since they have no different choices to find a new line of work or get rich, except if they can rap. He likewise expressed that the explanation they can run so quick is on the grounds that they are accustomed to running from the cops. Interviewee # 4, A white male who is a previous competitor said that he accepts that African Americans are predominant in all games with the exception of lacrosse and hockey, and that the explanation behind this is on the grounds that they are significantly more costly to fire up and keep up instead of soccer/football/b-ball where all you need is a ball truly. He thinks dark individuals all in all begin life financially weak contrasted with whites and puts stock in the fantasy that they have been advanced into increasingly solid and more grounded individuals on account of the procedure of normal determination during servitude where the slave proprietors purchased the greatest and most grounded, and they’re posterity are the ones that made the individuals that are ruling in sports now. My last interviewee was a female African American b-ball player who felt that African Americans command in football and b-ball since it is the main game they need to play so they make progress toward it. She likewise said that blacks are progressively forceful in light of the fact that it implies more to them. In most of my meetings the members referenced what Sailes alluded to as the Mandingo Theory, where the physical prevalence of African Americans is credited over the choice thus called rearing procedure alongside the difficult work performed during the times of subjection. The mental and moronic muscle head speculations were additionally verbalized in the appropriate responses I got from the white understudies for they all said sooner or later during the meeting that African Americans are mentally sub-par and all they have going for them is sports, and even in the realm of sports there are places that they are intellectually unequipped for involving. The one thing that I accept all the members concurred on both highly contrasting is that African Americans are by one way or another hereditarily unique. I was truly shocked by my discoveries. Despite the fact that I have learned all through this semester that individuals are more bigot than I at any point thought they were, I didn’t understand that this prejudice is existent in truly everything. I’m not so much into sports and don't focus on them, so I had no clue about that individuals felt along these lines about African American competitors. Thus, it appears as if African Americans are engaging this war on bigotry on one more front.

Code-switching and the use of different varieties of English in blogs in a multilingual context

Code-exchanging and the utilization of various assortments of English in online journals in a multilingual setting Unique This task paper endeavors to justify the reasons with respect to why code-exchanging and various assortments of English are utilized in web journals among youthful grown-ups who are capable in the language. The assortments that were found in each of the 6 contextual investigation web journals contrast particularly in style and structure, extending anyplace from everyday to formal, or written in syntactically right English to basic utilization of the language alongside mellow to substantial code-exchanging. Three significant inquiries were brought and replied up in the paper, specifically I) what are the assortments of dialects utilized in the web journals? ii) to what degree does the code-exchanging occur (for example word, sentence level)? also, iii) what are the explanations behind the events of the code-exchanging? 1. Presentation â€Å"The articulation of ones origination waits in the psyche and in the heart as it does in ones speech† Rochefoucauld, Maximes, 342 Web journals are at present a developing pattern, particularly among the more youthful age who are innovatively keen. Keeping up a blog is just about a standard and to certain individuals, something that they can't live without. Huge numbers of these adolescents view writes as their methods for communicating their feeling of autonomy and independence. It is their private world a spot where they can express their real thoughts without anybody addressing them (ignoring occasions of remarks being left by perusers). In any case, much the same as the essayists themselves who are unique in relation to each other, the language assortments that are utilized in these online journals contrast particularly in style and structure, mirroring the authors independence. The language can go from being informal to formal, or in situations where the authors are multilingual, show occurrences of overwhelming code-exchanging. These explanations behind code-exchanging could go from attempting to make a feeling of significance about a specific point or individual, to just needing to reflect ones independence and foundation by utilizing certain articulations that are expected to prohibit or incorporate certain discourse networks. For instance, a blog written in the Malayalam language is implied distinctly for perusers who can peruse and write in the language, and in this manner not with the end goal of general review. This investigation endeavors to inspect the utilization of code-exchanging in certain Malaysian online journals and look at the potential purposes behind code-exchanging by people who are capable in English. 2. Writing Review Haugen (1953, p.7) characterizes bilingualism as a wonder where â€Å"the speaker of one language can deliver total important expressions in the other language†. As featured in Hakuta (1986), Mackey (1967) has additionally asserted that â€Å"bilingualism, a long way from being outstanding, is a difficult which influences most of the universes population† (p.11). This is an explanation that I don't completely concur on, on the grounds that bilingualism ought not be viewed as an issue, yet progressively an impression of fast globalization and an undeniably borderless world. Hakuta (1986, p.10) likewise clarifies that â€Å"the story of bilingualism is to some degree about the changing points of view of social researchers, changes that happen not just as an element of patterns in the calling yet as a component of patterns in the public arena as a whole†. This is something very applicable to the subject of bilingualism as it has a great deal to do with the changing points of view of society and how it truly works as a pattern. In Paradiss (Ed.) (1978), it is guaranteed that â€Å"†¦since the job of individual peculiar components is by all accounts a significant part of code-exchanging, in that among gatherings of around equivalent bilingual capacities, some code-switch more than others, a total assurance of the adequate conditions for code-exchanging likely lies past the range of social sciences†. Paradis (1978) likewise further expressed that â€Å"within a given etymological network, there seems, by all accounts, to be no single lot of standards that decides how frequently, inside a solitary sentence, dialects may moved, nor what number of words or syllables must intercede between switches†. This is exceptionally evident if bilingual networks, for example, inside the Malaysian setting are watched, where the vast majority of the individuals are multilingual and code-exchanging is a nearly sub-cognizant piece of their lives. Dopke (1992), claims that â€Å"[c]ode-exchanging can emerge because of changes to the members in a discussion, the setting, the talk type or the theme or by the speakers need to underline or explain a point, to draw in or hold the consideration of the audience, to cite another person or to just avoid or incorporate explicit audiences†. For instance, Pillai (2008) shows that code-exchanging in this setting is identified with the idea of intensity and solidarity, and reflects ones character inside a network. Adler (1977, p.154), calls attention to that if an individual were to learn â€Å"a language in his nation of origin, and learns it well, he will be influenced by it to some extent†. Adler (1977, p.154) further adds that â€Å"he should assimilate in any event part of the way of life of the general public whose language he learnsspeaking the language with locals won't just impeccable his insight yet he will likewise change [code-switch] more than would be the situation otherwise†. This is because of the impact of different dialects in his condition which influences his essential language. This hypothesis would be utilized as the hypothetical system in the investigation of information from the contextual analysis online journals utilized for this task paper. In an investigation on the utilization of Tagalog-English in online journals composed by Filipino bloggers, Smedley (2006) summed up that â€Å"†¦switching isn't just a result of how speakers take care of the systematic creation of discussion, yet in addition a result of how they take care of the characteristic heteroglossic nature of language and endeavor their phonetic collection maximally to make their correspondence as successful as could reasonably be expected, and to build and arrange numerous identities†. This is demonstrated when an individual code-change to additionally intricate and explain implications through correspondence with others around them, for instance when utilizing certain terms or expressions one of a kind to a specific vernacular language in a transcendently English discussion. This is a hidden reason of which I will endeavor to look at in this investigation. Pillai (2008) likewise brings up that exchanging can be at the smaller scale level of highlight exchanging in the Malaysian setting where speakers don't change language assortment however put on an alternate ethnic emphasize to reflect ones character inside a network for example to be remembered for different discourse networks. It is likewise called attention to by Ibrahim (2005, refered to in Pillai 2008) that there exists a â€Å"desire to utilize our own image of English to build a feeling of having a place and identity†¦Ã¢â‚¬  ; and â€Å"†¦to stress solidarity or something else, and to impart a specific position or emotion†. This is another fundamental reason in regards to code-exchanging that this examination attemps to investigate. Additionally, Lipski (2008) talks about the feeling of way of life as observed inside the setting of code-exchanging and bilingualism. This examination will be founded on the two presumptions. The first is the suspicion by Adler (1977, p.154), that if an individual were to learn â€Å"a language in his nation of origin, and learns it well, he will be influenced by it to some extent†. Adler further adds that â€Å"He should ingest in any event part of the way of life of the general public whose language he learnsspeaking the language with locals won't just impeccable his insight yet he will likewise change [code-switch] more than would be the situation otherwise†. The second would be a theories by Smedley (2006) where he asserts that â€Å"†¦switching isn't only a result of how speakers take care of the methodical creation of discussion, yet in addition a result of how they take care of the inalienable heteroglossic nature of language and endeavor their phonetic collection maximally to make their correspondence as powerful as could reasonably be expected, and to develop and arrange various identities†. 3. Point This exploration means to look at the degree of code-exchanging in web journals composed by people who are capable in the English Language, and to decide the potential explanations behind code-exchanging. According to these points, the exploration addresses that are tended to by this investigation are as per the following: 1. What are the assortments of dialects utilized in the online journals? 2. What exactly degree does the code-exchanging happen (for example word, sentence level)? 3. What are the purposes behind the events of the code-exchanging? 4. Philosophy So as to acquire the important information for this examination paper, six (6) online journals were picked three web journals each from authors of the two significant ethnic gatherings in Malaysia, to be specific Chinese and Malays. The essayists of every one of the six web journals that were picked are first, second and third year English significant understudies from the Faculty of Languages and Linguistics, University of Malaya. The fundamental explanation regarding why just English significant understudies were picked is on the grounds that they are capable in the language, and along these lines would give fascinating information which may give answers to the exploration addresses raised. Every one of the six web journals were dissected to inspect the assortments of dialects utilized, and the degree to which they were utilized just as the purposes behind the code-exchanging. The investigation was done dependent on two levels; I) intra-language (varieties inside English) code-exchanging at word and sentence level and ii) between language code-exchanging at word and sentence level. 5. Discoveries Discussion For this examination, just information (blog sections) from the long stretches of July to December 2008 were taken a gander at and broke down. This is with the goal that the information gained isn't excessively expansive or excessively broad, rather bringing up explicit subtleties which would help in the investigation of information. Three web journals by Malay bloggers and another three online journals by

Emily Dickinson Essay -- essays research papers

An Analytical Essay on Emily Dickinson Emily Dickinson was a lady who lived in times that are increasingly conventional; her background impact and help us to comprehend the emotional and lovely lines in her composition. In spite of the fact that Dickinson’s verse can regularly be characterized as pitiful and grouchy, we can discover the utilization of silliness and incongruity in a large number of her sonnets. By taking a gander at the diversion and mockery found in three of Dickinson’s sonnets, "Success Is Counted Sweetest", "I am Nobody", and "Some prop the Sabbath Up to Church", one can analyze every sonnet show how Dickinson utilized cleverness and incongruity for the double reasons for lighthearted element and to stretch a thought or decision about her life and the earth in the every sonnet. Emily Dickinson was conceived in Amherst Massachusetts; a little cultivating town that had a school and a cap manufacturing plant. There, she was brought up in a severe Calvinist family unit while getting the greater part of her training at a live-in school that followed the American Puritanical custom. She only occasionally left her old neighborhood; for all intents and purposes, her solitary contact with her companions came to be made through letters. As a young lady, Dickinson dismissed encouraging customs, opposed male position, and wrestled alone with her complex and frequently opposite feelings. In spite of the fact that she was professed to be a cheerful and dynamic young lady, Dickinson started to pull back from society in the 1850's. The numerous misfortunes she encountered for an amazing duration, the demise of her dad, mother, close neighbors, and fr...

To whom much is given

To whom much is given… Much is expected. I cant tell you how many times I have heard, thought or uttered some portion of that phrase over the course of the past few weeks. I can tell you with a fair level of certainty that it is just as true in college admission circles as it is anywhere else that it might be used. Let me be frank. Any serious applicant to MIT has been given much. That does not mean that everyone has received in equal measure, but that each and every applicant has been given a lifetimes worth of opportunities and has made choices about how to use those opportunities. I wont belabor the point, as my position on the matter is well established. Suffice it to say, we may look just as favorably on the trajectory and distance travelled as we do on the heights achieved. I think our admission decisions reflect this value. In short order, our decisions will be released and the inevitable armchair quarterbacking will begin. I dont begrudge the post decision analysis, as much as the post decision paralysis. I know that the analysis is a big part of trying to process the outcome of a journey that a great deal of emotional energy has been invested into. Regardless of the outcome, the real work is just beginning. An admission decision, as accomplished as any applicant may be, is ultimately less about what has been achieved and more about what is likely to be achieved. If you receive an offer of admission from MIT or any of the other excellent schools that you have applied to, you have an obligation not simply to avoid squandering the opportunity, but rather to fully capitalize on it. As much as I would like to say that you need to validate the faith that the admissions officers showed in you when they selected you for admission, it is not really the admission staff that you owe a debt of gratitude (although it probably wouldnt kill you to say thank you). Just as you have poured yourselves completely into this process, to help us identify who will most benefit from and contribute to this community, so to have the people in your lives poured themselves into you. Inevitably, the range of ones personal support network is going to vary, but I don’t think that you could have made it this far if you didnt have someone in your corner. For some it is a parent, sibling or other relative. For others it is a friend, teacher, coach or neighbor.  For you it could be someone else entirely. Regardless of who your advocates are, let them know that you appreciate what they have done to help you get to where you are, not only by telling them so, but also by demonstrating that you understand that much is expected from those to whom much is given.

Transgender Rights In Pakistan - Free Essay Example

People who identify as transgender often have been, and still are mistreated and discriminated against throughout the world. Discrimination against any group of people usually stems from a lack of knowledge and understanding when it comes to who that person, or people, on a fundamental level. Identifying as transgender is described as a person whose sense of personal identity and gender does not correspond with their birth sex. This can be a hard and difficult truth to come to terms with for many young men and women who deny that they are born to be and lead normal lives in an attempt to suppress who they truly are. (?) Those in the community who have accepted and recognized themselves completely, often go through painful surgeries to be closer to the gender they identify as. For example, this is the case for young transgender women in Pakistan, who complete transitional surgeries without anesthesia. It takes an immense amount of courage and bravery to stand up in front of the people they love and share their innermost thoughts. With the social stigma surrounding transgenders in Pakistan many young people are shunned from their families and denied basic rights due to gender that they have chosen. Recently, Transgender rights in Pakistan were essentially nonexistent. Not only were transgender rights not established, but also no lesbian, gay, or bisexual rights implemented at all. In Pakistan, which is deeply set in religious and conservative values, many LGBT rights were and still are widely considered taboo. This belief is unfortunately nothing new, the Pakistan Penal Code of 1860, developed under colonialism, punishes sodomy with a possible prison sentence under the guise of protecting public morality and order. Although this act is not uniformly prosecuted in the country the LGBT community must go about their normal lives in secret. People identifying as someone of the LGBT community are still able to organize, date, and live together as couples but must do so in secret due to the discrimination, disapproval, and social stigma stemming from oppressive religious beliefs. These beliefs are widely held in leadership roles throughout the country with no civil rights laws to pro hibit discrimination and harassment on the basis of sexual orientation or gender identity. This is, of course, also held in laws permitting same sex marriage or civil unions. The thought of transgender rights were considered laughable by the majority of people in Pakistan. Transgenders were nothing but a bad omen that could curse a business or a person, people who were nothing more than freaks of nature whose place was to dance for the entertainment of others. People identifying with a third gender are often denied jobs, places to live, and sometimes even simple services. A transgender activist, by the name of Alisha, was shot six times and when brought to a hospital by her friend Farzana Jan. Died as the doctors debated for hours over which ward to treat her in, male or female. Ms. Jan, who identifies as intersex, received her fair share of mistreatment by her peers and even teachers, who would make her dance in the middle of the classroom while her peers laughed and watched. Transgender women are subject to such discrimination that in most cases, the only form of compensation they can receive is through prostitution and begging. Media organizations that have been focused on this issue have brought this knowledge to the general public. As a matter of fact, The New York Times spoke of the lives transgender men and women lead and how people perceive those who fall under the term khawaja siras. This is an umbrella term dating back centuries denoting a third sex that includes eunuchs, cross-dressers, and intersex people, as well as transgender men and women. Young people shunned by their families and subjected to systematic discrimination usually leave everything and everyone they know to live under the protecting the khwaja siras communities provide. Although these communities give persecuted individuals the gift of protection and community, the different laws they govern themselves under are often oppressive and exploitive. The khawaja siras follow a mother figure, called a guru, who offers said protection and shelter at a price. A guru gains followers, or chehlas, by buying them from other gurus or contracting them as novices. To become a novice a young woman must go through a right of passage to be an official member of the community. Novices are fined by their guru if they are rude or misbehave and they are also bought between gurus for a price more than what the original guru bought them for, ensuring there are no losses. Its also common practice for a guru to demand a percentage of the income their novices receive through sex work , dancing, or begging. This, of course, can be dangerous for those involved. One professional call girl, Maggie, who has been in the business for four years says I never know what might happen, I could be shot, hit by a car, or kidnapped. She also speaks of people forcing her to do unspeakable things and recalls a story of a group of four men that broke her back so badly she couldnt walk. Unfortunately, Maggie couldnt go to the police because they would just make the claim that its the nature of her job. Despite the obvious dangers, she was still forced to return to sex work because potential employers have denied her work and stated, Youre a transgender, go dance and sing. In a futile effort to improve the lives of people identifying as someone of a third sex, a transgender woman, by the name of Mehlab Jameel, helped draft the Transgender Persons Protection of Rights Bill. This bill will give people whose gender identity or expression differs from social norms and cultural expectations based on the sex they are assigned at the time of their birth the right to identify as a transgender person and have the same rights as other men and women in Pakistan. The Transgender Persons Protection of Rights Bill, passed in 2017, was so incredibly progressive for the country of Pakistan. What made the bills passage so revolutionary was the fact that even though a large portion of the country had possessed a mindset deeply rooted in conservative and religious beliefs, the bill was still surprisingly easy to pass through Parliament. Mehlab Jameel, a transgender person of feminine expression who helped draft the bill stated, We are overwhelmed by how supportive the state has been to this law- we have so much hope. She spoke to The New York Times in a piece titled Transgender Pakistanis Win Legal Victories, but Violence Goes On, and its true violence and discrimination still continue despite the passing of the bill. The Transgender Persons Protection of Rights Bill gives equal rights to intersex people, eunuchs, transgender men, and women as-well-as anyone whose gender identity is out of the social and cultural norms. This is not the first time that the Pakistani Government has recognised transgenders though. As a matter of fact, in 2009, the supreme court legally recognized transgenders as a third gender and promised the mass circulation and utilization of National identity cards. Furthermore, the most recent bill took the supreme court ruling several steps further. It allowed people to choose their gender and have their chosen identity recognised on official documents including the National Identification Cards, passports, and drivers licenses. The bill also prohibited discrimination in public places and while receiving medical care. Mehlab Jameel told the National Public Radio I was in a state of shock because I never thought something like this could happen within my own life in Pakistan. This kind of development is not only unprecedented in Pakistani history, but its one of the most progressive laws in the world. Shes referring to the the bill stating transgender people cannot be deprived the right to vote or run for office. It lays out their inheritance rights in accordance to their chosen gender, and obligates the government to establish protection Centers and Safe houses, along with seperate prisons for those of a third sex. With officials being so pro gressive the general consensus is that people who are different in regards to their sexual orientation and gender identity are being well represented and treated equally in Pakistani culture . However, this is contrary to what is actually occuring in Pakistan. Something as sensitive and personal as the issue of gender identity has to be approached with the care and compassion that a good leader would possess. The many different positions, and the people that occupy these positions, of the Pakistani Government and leadership brings to question of how people felt with such a progressive bill being passed. As with many governments, it is a painstakingly slow and laborious process to bring about truly revolutionary and inclusive change in an entire country. People who believe in what they are petitioning for will fight for their cause to extreme ends. Oppressed people will never stop fighting for what they deserve, what they believe, or their community because this is what defines them as a people. With the Transgender Persons Protection of Rights Bill being passed in Pakistan, people identifying as transgender have encountered an incredible triumph in their fight for equality that many never believed would happen in their lifetimes. This has, of course, been met with joy and happiness throughout the LGBT community and the Khawaja Siras especially. With positive outcomes for one party another must also see a negative. Some people in Pakistan just see the bill being passed as encouragement for gay men, who have no rights due to old laws, to try to reap benefits of being a transgender per son. A majority of the population see transgender people and their sexual ambiguities as God-given, act as intermediaries with the divine and have the ability to give blessings or curses. This makes transgender women a common source of entertainment at weddings as dancers to bless the ceremony. Despite all of this, transgender people are still shunned by their parents, discriminated against, and denied their newfound rights. Although the Supreme Court of Pakistan gave transgender peoples the right to a national identification card in 2009. However, a majority of men and women can sadly say they have never received their card from the appropriate offices. The Protection of Rights Bill has the opportunity to change almost nothing at the ground level due to such a high level of corruption and discrimination. This is due to change with the emergence of thirteen transgender candidates who are running for Parliament. With the acceptance transgender people by the Council of Islamic ideology, that pushed Parliament to pass the Transgender Persons protection of Rights Bill, leaders are bound begin to adapt to the slowly changing views of their superiors and their peers around them. Leaders in the Pakistan community can see a slow rise in the respect for transgender peoples stemming from the beliefs of the Council of Islamic Ideologies. This government body was the first to validate the rights that transgenders de serve in Pakistan. Surprisingly enough the same council has controversial beliefs that often subject them to scrutiny from the general population. Some of these beliefs include but are not limited to, nine year-old girls being old enough to marry, prohibiting female nurses from treating male patients, and the most radical of them all, men reserving the right to lightly beat their wives. Thankfully this twenty member council only advises the government on religious aspects of law and society; with its recommendations being nonbinding. With a government body such crafted like this, being able to guide and recommend the passage of laws, other government officials must truly understand the significance of what they are suggesting and adapt their own way of thinking to achieve such a goal. As with any country that permits the oppression of any minority group, it could be said that many of their leaders lack an understanding of Ethical Leadership. Instead of looking at the question of ethics in leadership as the kinds of values or morals a society has, look instead at any leader as an individual and see what he or she deems ethically moral and acceptable in their specific situation. Most leaders would do what is best for all of their peoples regardless of sexual orientation, gender identity, color, or sex, but with the continuation of discrimination of individuals who identify as a gender out of social norms or cultural expectations leaders are only following with what a specific portion of their followers want. That leaders morals are often-times misguided and coerced by the social norms to believe in something that the leader themselves dont truly believe in. This type of conventional morality is what oppressive societies rule under, without a leader that will step out and demand change for the good of everyone how can any change truly come about? The discourses of identity are deeply set in religious beliefs and superstition in Pakistani culture. As a young man you are brought up to learning about the social hierarchy that still places men at the head of a household and places women as little more than an obedient servant. Young women are taught to cook and c lean to provide for their husbands in anyway that they can. Everyone is taught that homosexuality is taboo, and is still punishable by law. Ingrained in their personalities from such a young age people go on to lead many different lives. The leaders and governments that support oppressive laws are made up of men who fully believe in what they were taught as children and that can make it hard for some of them to see a situation from a totally different perspective. People see from the perspective of their fathers, and their fathers before them, instead of learning and growing as an individual they are stuck in a repeating cycle of outdated ideologies. Social stigma, religious beliefs, superstition, and family. As a transgender person in Pakistan there are several factors that aim to oppress and degrade. Even their own established communities resemble little more than slave traders and their property. People in power have kept those who are different from speaking up and being heard. Being outside of the social norm is seen as taboo instead of being embraced for individuality and courage. The courage to be who you were born to be no matter the odds stacked against you, the courage to step up when no one wants to listen and demand to be heard, and the persistence to fight for what is right no matter what the cost. Being a part of a community that is seen as unnatural, and cast aside as nothing more than street beggars and sex workers creates an environment of adversity that only the strongest can overcome. With the help of a surprisingly supportive government and outspoken members of their society, Khawaja siras have encountered the first step in the right direction of change.

The Effects Of Gray Divorce On The United States - 1001 Words

The United States rates higher divorce than other countries, moreover there is a growing trend of gray divorce in the United States. Gray divorce is a term used for the divorces of ages fifty years and older. The consequences can be on a different scale than that of being many. years younger. Much of the time, for the women it involves hardships on many fronts. This is especially true for the gray divorced women, who are suffering more economically in our society today (Science Dailey,2015). Most women are ill prepared for this life changing event. Drs. Lin and Brown along with PHD student Anna Hammersmith used information from a 2010 Health and Retirement Study to present their analysis. It turns out that twenty-seven percent of gray divorced women sixty-three years or older fall within the poverty range and only eleven percent of gray men (Science Dailey 2015). There seems to be a growing number of divorces among adults sixty-five years and older in the United States. Between the years 1980 and 2008, divorce among men doubled, rising from five to ten percent, whereas, it tripled from four to twelve percent among women (Manning and Brown,2011). These late divorces have varied reasons for their demise. Feldman reports, â€Å"the more frequent case of a husband divorcing from his wife, the reason is often he has found a younger woman.† (p 436). The rise in female employment could be a potential reason for her to seek a divorce. Possibly if she has dealt with an abusive or anShow MoreRelatedCultural Culture Courtship And Marriage1268 Words   |  6 Pagesare allowed to marry in most states in the United States of America. Some trends in the United States that started in 1960 s-1970 s divorce has begun to rise for over a century (Smock, 2004). Many marriages between those who are well off financially secure are more than likely to marry and stay married. In general, American people tend to marry individuals who are in the same social and economic class. 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Only one state, New Mexico, hasRead MoreEarly Childhood Through Middle Adulthood And The Effects Of Obesity5776 Words   |  24 Pages Early Childhood through Middle Adulthood and the Effects of Obesity Michelle Price Troy University, Tampa Bay â€Æ' Abstract Type your abstract here. Notice that the abstract is not indented. The abstract is 50 to 250 words and summarizes the main ideas in your paper. Do not use â€Å"I† or â€Å"we† in your abstract. â€Æ' The Biopsychosocial impact of Obesity on Early childhood through Late Adulthood Obesity has become an epidemic which negatively affects millions of American’s and individuals from other

Job Prospects for ESL Teachers in the U.S.

If youve ever thought about changing professions to become an ESL teacher, now is the time. Increasing demand for ESL teachers has created a multitude of ESL job opportunities in the US. These ESL jobs are being offered by states which are offering a number of job training opportunities for those not already qualified to teach ESL. There are two principle types of ESL jobs that are in demand; positions which require bilingual teachers (Spanish and English) to teach bilingual classes, and ESL positions for English-only classes for speakers who have a limited ability in English (LEP: limited English proficiency). Recently, the industry has moved away from speaking about ESL and has turned to ELL (English language learners) as the preferred acronym.   ESL Job Demand Facts Here are some statistics that point to the great need: According to the  National Center for Education Statistcs, In school year, 27 percent of all schools with bilingual/ESL teaching vacancies found them very difficult or impossible to fill, more than for many other teaching fields. Since this report, the number of ESL job vacancies has grown rapidly.From the same report: As the number of children with difficulty speaking English has increased (from 1.25 million in 1979 to 2.44 million in 1995), so has the burden on school systems to recruit teachers with the skills necessary to teach these classes. The difficulty schools have in filling such positions is one indication of whether the supply of bilingual and ESL teachers is adequate to meet the demand.The number of LEP speakers grew 104.7%, from 2,154,781 in 1989 to 4,416,580 in 2000 according to a survey performed by the National Clearinghouse for English Language Acquisition. Now for the good news: As a means of meeting the ESL job demand a number of special programs have been implemented around the United States for non-certified teachers. These programs provide an excellent means for teachers who have not taught in the State education system to take advantage of these opportunities. Even more exciting, it provides an opportunity for those from a wide variety of backgrounds to become ESL teachers. Some of these even provide a financial bonus (for example a bonus of up to $20,000 in Massachusetts) for joining their programs! Teachers are needed throughout the country, but principally in large urban centers with high immigrant populations.   Education Required In the U.S., the minimum requirement for programs is a bachelors degree and some sort of ESL qualification. Depending on the school, the qualification required might be as simple as a months certificate such as the CELTA (Certificate in Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages). The CELTA is accepted around the world. However, there are other institutions that provide training online and in weekend courses. If youd like to teach in a community college or at a university, youll need at least a masters degree preferably with a specialization with ESL.   For those who would like to teach in public schools (where demand is growing), states require additional certification with different requirements for each state. Its best to look into the certification requirements in the state in which you would like to work.   Business English or English for Special Purposes teachers are in high demand outside of the country and are often hired by individual firms to teach staff.  Unfortunately, in the United States, private companies rarely hire in-house teachers.   Pay Despite the need for quality ESL programs, pay remains rather low except at larger accredited institutions such as universities. You can find out about average salaries in each state. Generally speaking, universities pay best followed by public school programs. Private institutions can vary widely from near minimum-wage to much better-paid positions.   To meet the growing demand for ESL teachers, a number of websites have created invaluable resources for the recruitment of teachers. This guide provides some tips on becoming an ESL teacher. Other opportunities are open to those who are in mid-career  or do not have the exact teacher certification required by any individual state for ESL jobs in the public school system. For more information on teaching ESL in the United States, TESOL is the leading association and provides a great deal of information.

What is the Midpoint Formula

Improving The Organizations Culture Assessment Of The...

Many issues and problems emerge in organizations that require action to be taken by either individuals or an authoritative figure to address problems that prohibit maximizing productivity. Because numerous decisions are made on any given day in an attempt for a school or organization to operate as smoothly as possible, there is required effort and energy to constantly monitor an organization’s culture. A problematic situation in my current organization that is rooted in employee motivation and attitudes is the lack of satisfaction group members consistently feel. A year ago, the organization participated in a culture assessment that was conducted by the Kentucky School Boards Association (KSBA). This audit was ordered by our executive†¦show more content†¦Therefore, coaches and consultants felt that they were constantly behind in their work to implement strategies in schools that would help instructional practices and learning. Directors and supervisors began to see a decrease in their staff’s motivation in their productivity, intensity and duration. According to Jex and Britt (2008), motivation has an impact in influencing work performance and behavior and is considered a key factor for any organization to understand. In this problem defined, decision making led to a negative effect as employees started to communicate their displeasure to supervisors and to one another. The disapproval and lack of buy-in into new ideas from leaders developed divisions within the organization. The executive director was quite aware of the impact his decisions were making and personally accepted responsibility for this set of unique circumstances. Though, there was no immediate action that could remedy the situation until the end of the fiscal year. Privately, he discussed his personal frustration to me in regard to past decisions that eventually led staff to be unhappy and ultimately hindered the culture. A special session among board of directors and sup erintendents was called to review the culture assessment results and initiate brainstorming ideas to address issues and concerns. This was a hardship for the executive

A Managerial Approach to Marketing Free Essays

The product that I will be proposing in the meeting will be a video game called FaDream. FaDream’s platform will be connected to the FaDream Game Portal. This website will have a collection of downloadable games for the users. We will write a custom essay sample on A Managerial Approach to Marketing or any similar topic only for you Order Now The users of FaDream will have to get the membership to the FaDream Game Portal in order to gain access to numerous games of all sorts. They will be charged with membership fees every month in order to stay connected. Besides this they will have to get a platform with remotes, virtual gaming equipment, etc. There have been video games in the past but what makes this one different from the rest is that this video game will only work once it is connected to the internet. It will be linked to a website called www.FaDream.com/gameportal which will have a collection of downloadable games. People might argue that such technology is nothing new because of the online games present on the internet through the computer. FaDream cannot be compared with online gaming because the experience that the players will get with FaDream will be unmatched. What makes this product new is the quality, availability and variety of games present at all times. There will be no more hassle of buying expensive CDs from the store and taking care of them. There will be no more hassle of repairing the sensitive lens in the video game platform. All the users will need is the platform and an internet connection. The technology will be successful because of widespread use of internet already all over the world. Another factor which makes this different from everything else in the market is the affordability. FaDream will be Entertainment with Affordibiltiy. The price of the platform will be a fraction of what is paid for other video games in the market and this is what makes this product is feasible. To be more precise the price range of the platform will fall within $80 to $90 and besides this the membership fees will be approximately $7 per month. This is all about the product and price of FaDream. This project will be joint venture with XYZ Company which already has a name in the market in order to gain confidence of its audience. The target audience that we will be satisfying with this technology will be middle class males and females within the age range of 8 to 30 years. The age range is so large because of the variety of games available on the FaDream portal. It has games for every gender and age. It will be advertised in magazines all over the world. Other mediums of advertisement that will be used will be the internet and television. The logo which will be used for advertisement will be Entertainment with Affordability. After an intense advertisement campaign which will inform the audience about the product, FaDream will be launched worldwide. After this launch, the advertising strategy will be changed and the advertisements will become persuasive. Once the audience has knowledge about the product, they will have to be convinced that they need to have it with them. In conclusion, this product is totally new in the market and this is its strength but we must not forget that the market has been taken over by very strong competition. Getting people to recognize FaDream from among every other video game will be a threat and a challenge. We must ensure that the marketing strategy that will be employed by us must have no limitations because a good marketing strategy will be our only opportunity. Â   How to cite A Managerial Approach to Marketing, Essays

An Inquiry Into Hamlets Madness Essay Example For Students

An Inquiry Into Hamlets Madness Essay In the event of examining the nature of Hamlets madness,we will need to probe into Hamlets state of mind at different periods and circumstances in the play. Hamlet can be seen to be and not to be mad by different people at different stages. From one perspective, Hamlet can be seen to be mad when Ophelia goes to her father and gives a description of Hamlets disposition when he goes to see her, also when he goes to see his mother in her closet as can be seen in his tone of voice and his murder of Polonius and his lack of repentance for his death. also, his psychological trauma and emotional depression at the begining of the play may have plunged him into emotional insanity, and lastly his encounter with Leartes in Ophelias grave. Also the things which he claimed to have done on the ship bound for England goes to show his sanity, and lastly his encounter with Leartes in Ophelias grave. Upon the revelation of the ghost who is supposedly Hamlets fathers spirit, we witness a marked change in Hamlets disposition both in words and in deeds, one of such can be seen when (in Act 2 scene 1) Ophelia goes to see her father, apparently scared gives him a brief but vivid description of Hamlets disposition when he came to see her. she describes him as having a look so pietous in purport as if he had been loosed out of hell. This shows us a marked change in Hamlets disposition, the statement As if he had been loosed out of hell raises a lot of questions such as, what happened to Hamlet?. Possibly,some spirit or demon may have taken over him thus his appearance as being hellish in nature or it could be that he had lost his wits to hell and thus is not aware of his appearance and we are made to believe that that he appears thus throughout most of the play. Secondly, to further back up the point that hamlet was indeed mad is or can be seen with the encounter he had with his mother in her closet, where he lashes out at her to the extent that he is rude and also armed with such venomous words that frighten his mother. Possibly, he does this out of mere outrage at finding Claudius guilt and unable to take revenge but has to see his mother and thus speaks daggers to her heart and seizes her arm possibly in a fit of madness rather than outrage as it should be noted, the act was not premeditated but rather spontaneous and Getrude in shock screams for help and Polonious who is behind the arras(curtains) screams the same and Hamlet hearing him draws his sword and kills him. And when he finally realizes whom he had killed he shows no remorse whatsoever but rather sees his actions as being justified as he says Thou wretched, rash, intrudig fool, farewell. This action and statement show a completely different personality as in most periods in the book we see Hamlet in a suicidal melancholy but never in a murderous mood as we see him here so thus it would be safe to say that he was probably momentarily taken over by a fit of madness. Also from the begining of the book, we see the tragic hero as being psychologically disturbed by the death of his father and the overhasty marriage of his mother to his uncle Claudius, and to further compound matters his love is rejected by Ophelia on the advice of her father over her true feelings and Hamlets feelings, thus driving him into a state of emotional depression as well as psychological instability as Hamlet now saw himself as loosing both parents as well as a confidant, thus leaving him with no womanly affection whatsoever as he could no longer enjoy the sole monopoly of his mothers affection which had now gone to his uncle (Hamlet is .

Staging the Play A Dolls House

Introduction/Synopsis One of the foremost characteristics of Ibsen’s play A Doll’s House is that its plot appears linearly defined, which in turn, explains the semantic realism of play’s overall sounding. As it is being the case with most of Ibsen’s other plays, throughout A Doll’s House, characters’ existential stances never cease undergoing a qualitative transformation – the manner in which characters position themselves at play’s beginning is being different from the manner in which they position themselves at play’s end.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Staging the Play A Doll’s House specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More There are good reasons to believe that the realism of this particular play is being reflective of the actual workings of author’s analytical mindset – apparently, Ibsen never ceased being aware of the fact that the extent of play’s realistic sounding reflects the extent of presented characters’ intellectual flexibility, extrapolated in the particulars of how they address life’s challenges. As Kaufmann (1965) put it â€Å"[Ibsen] knows that truth never is a possession, but a constant effort to find the appropriate response to every situation which demands a decision† (22). The legitimacy of such our hypothesis can be explored in relation to play’s synopsis: Nora Helmer is a married woman, who helped her husband Torvald Helmer (bank clerk) once by borrowing a large sum of money from the bank, after forged her dad’s signature. Torvald is completely unaware of the forgery that had taken place. Initially, he is presented as a loving husband, who treats Nora in particularly affectionate manner, even though he also appears to be utterly ignorant of Nora’s basic humanity – throughout the play, Torvald treats her as pretty but soulless d oll. Krogstad is another important character in the play. When being faced with the prospect of losing his job in Torvald’s bank, he threatens to blackmail Nora (because of her forgery) if she does not convince Torvald to refrain from firing him. Eventually, Torvald finds out about Nora’s forgery and becomes enraged over his wife’s presumed infidelity. He ends up accusing Nora of moral depravity, while suggesting that under no circumstances should Nora have considered keeping secrets from him. Torvald’s behavior opens Nora’s eyes to the fact that she has been loyal to an unworthy man, incapable of addressing life’s challenges outside the structure of conventional morality, and for whom the continuous observation of social customs meant so much more then ensuring his wife’s happiness. It begins to dawn upon Nora that, her stay with Torlvald may very well be compared to the stay of a bird in the cage. After having realized it, Nora deci des to leave Torvald, who in her eyes has been downsized from a respectful head of the household to a regular moralistic hypocrite, unable of appreciating Nora in a way she truly deserved. Nora says good-bye to Torlvald and her children and embarks upon the quest to find her long lost sense of identity.Advertising Looking for research paper on literature languages? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The proposed choices for play’s production The earlier provided outline of the plot points out what can be considered the foremost indication of play’s dramaturgic uniqueness – the strongly defined dramatics sounding of its themes and motifs. Therefore, it comes as not a particular surprise that the action in A Doll’s House appears spatially limited. As it was pointed out by Jakovljevic (2002): â€Å"Ibsen’s family drama [A Doll’s House] is set within the space of perspectival constraints. T he entire play takes place in this single set that represents the living room in a middle class family flat† (432). What it means is that, while staging A Doll’s House, directors must focus their attention on ensuring the psychological plausibility of themes and motifs, contained in this particular play, as their principal priority. The best way to accomplish this is by exposing the essence of psychological anxieties, experienced by the play’s characters, as such that relate to psychological anxieties, on the part of audience’s members. Within the context of Ibsen play’s staging, ensuring action’s psychological plausibility will not represent much of a challenge. The reason for this is simple – unlike what it is being commonly assumed, A Doll’s House is not solely concerned with exploring the theme of women’s liberation from patriarchal oppression, which could make this play ideologically outdated, but also with exposing what accounts for existentialist incompatibility between husband and wife – subject matter that even today remains utterly relevant. As it was rightly noted by Haugen (1979): â€Å"Ibsen’s Nora is not just a woman arguing for female liberation; she is much more. She embodies the comedy as well as the tragedy of modern life† (vii). In other words, there is a well defined rationale for a modernist staging of A Doll’s House, as such staging that would emphasize the play’s contemporary themes and motifs. One way of ensuring the conceptual relevance of Ibsen’s play for a modern audience is to stage an unconventional production. The following is how four elements of theatre (set, costumes, characterization and audience participation) can reflect a modernist staging of A Doll’s House. Set A Doll’s House, does not leave the boundaries of one single room. This eases up the process of designing the set. Given the minimalistic traditions of modernist theatre, a table and few chairs in the foreground are more than adequate for the set.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Staging the Play A Doll’s House specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More After all, the action in this particular Ibsen’s play can be best referred to as essentially verbal, which suggests the lessened importance of an onstage environment, as an additional instrument of ensuring action’s plausibility: â€Å"In a word, A Doll’s House is a play about writing. It is a play about writing with consequences, about words that act and generate action† (Jakovljevic 433). Nevertheless, to make unraveling of the plot more authenticated, the trappings of a middle class home may be utilized as well. By simplifying onstage set to a minimum, the director will be able to â€Å"kill two rabbits with one shot†: to modernize the play’s action in the eye s of the audience, and to emphasize the sheer extent of play action’s drama. Costumes The dramaturgic value of A Doll’s House is Ibsen’s ability to expose characters’ psychological anxieties, rather than his talent in authenticating the realities of 19th century’s Norwegian living. Therefore, a modern production should dress actors in contemporary or ‘minimalist’ costumes. It will provide an additional stimulus for the audience to focus on play’s themes and motifs if Torvald, Krogstad and Dr. Rank wear black trousers and black golf sweaters. Nora and Mrs. Linde can wear black shirts and matching tight skirts. In its turn, this will substantially increase the extent of production’s intellectual appeal. The suggestion, in this respect, correlates with the point, made in Cima’s (1983) article: â€Å"The director might choose to present A Doll’s House so that the action is ‘to discover oneself’ (a ‘feminist’ approach), or he might focus on the action ‘to play the game† (15). By having actors dressed in minimalist costumes, the director will prompt them to be more focused on ‘playing the game’, as opposed to be concerned with maintaining the spirit of historicity. The utilization of ‘minimalist’ costumes in production of A Doll’s House is the pathway towards ensuring production’s modernist sounding. Characterization As mentioned earlier, with the possible exception of Torvald, the characters in Ibsen’s play are represented in the state of undergoing a constant intellectual transition. For example, the manner in which Nora reacts to life’s challenges in Act One is qualitatively different from the way she reacts to these challenges in Act Three.Advertising Looking for research paper on literature languages? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More What it means is that, while striving to ensure the genuineness of actors’ onstage performance, the director will have to look into creating objective preconditions for actors’ interaction to serve the purpose of revealing developmental aspects of played characters’ psychological makeup: â€Å"With the advent of Ibsen’s plays†¦ a revised category of gestures became necessary: the autistic gesture, or subtle visual sign of the character’s soliloquy with himself† (Cima 22). This can be achieved with the means of encouraging actors to perform in essentially spontaneous manner, while going as far as even indulging in verbal interaction with the audience, if thought contextually appropriate. Audience participation The success of using a modernist approach to theatrical productions depends of turning viewers into active participants, often despite their desire to remain passive. Encouraging actors to improvise thought-provoking remarks, even if these remarks have nothing to do with play’s actual script, can do this. Within the framework of A Doll’s House modernist staging, actors were prompted to expose parallels between Torvald’s behavioral superficiality and the behavioral superficiality of many of today’s overly effeminate men, who despite their willingness to ‘act responsibly’, exhibit a number of psychological weakness in their daily lives. For example, while coming up with his moralistic speeches, Torvald may very well refer to political correctness, as the source of conventional morality, which will undoubtedly trigger strong emotional reactions in the audience. Whyman’s production of the play/Conclusion The legitimacy of an earlier outlined production proposal can be explored in relation to Gardner’s online article, where she elaborates on the particulars of Erica Whyman’s staging of A Doll’s House. According to Gardner (2008), Whyman had made a deliberate point in representing play’s plot as such that is being unraveled during the course of fifties: â€Å"The 1950s setting works very well; it is a period far enough away in time for the stifling social code of Ibsen’s play not to jar, but modern enough to connect with today† (Guardian). Moreover, as it appears from Gardner’s article, Whyman considered it fully appropriate altering the semantic subtleties of play’s characterization: â€Å"Well-meaning but misguided Torvold is no villain; indeed, initially it is the beautiful Nora – a self-conscious spoiled child – who is the least appealing of the protagonists† (Guardian). Apparently, Whyman had no reservations about modernizing the, which contributed immensely to production’s success with the audience. It is understood, of course, that the manner in which Whyman had gone about staging Ibsen’s play, points out to the fact that it would indeed be appropri ate, on director’s part, to utilize modernist approach in designing the theatrical production of A Doll’s House – just as it was initially hypothesized in the paper. References Cima, Gibson Gay â€Å"Discovering Signs: The Emergence of the Critical Actor in Ibsen.† Theatre Journal 35.1 (1983): 5-22. Print. DiYanni, Robert. Literature: Approaches to Fiction, Poetry, and Drama. 2nd  edition. New York: McGraw-Hill Humanities. Print. Gardner, Lyn â€Å"A Doll’s House.† 28 Apr. 2008. Guardian.Co.Uk. 24 Apr. 2011. https://www.theguardian.com/stage/2008/apr/28/theatre1 Haugen, Einar. Ibsen’s Drama: Author to Audience. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1979. Print. Jakovljevic, Branislav â€Å"Shattered Back Wall: Performative Utterance of A Doll’s  House.† Theatre Journal 54.3 (2002): 431-448. Print. Kaufmann, F.W. â€Å"Ibsen’s Conception of Truth.† Ibsen: A Collection of Critical  Essays. Ed. Rol f Fjelde. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall. 1965. 17-30. Print. Appendices Erica Whyman’s fifties-styled production of A Doll’s House. This research paper on Staging the Play A Doll’s House was written and submitted by user Amelie Mccarthy to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

How to Write an Argumentative Essay

How to Write an Argumentative EssayGrade argumentative essay samples are widely available. These workbooks and resource materials are designed to serve as proofreading and editing resources. The purpose of this type of essay is to clearly express a student's points of view using key examples and direct speaking.The essay sample must first be created in a word processing program such as Microsoft Word. The writer will then be asked to perform a range of editing tasks to turn the written sample into a usable essay. Most importantly, the writer should then revise and edit the essays for clarity and to provide students with meaningful and effective learning experiences. In addition, it is also important to look for Grade Argumentative Essay samples that contain multiple-choice questions as well as text-matching.The objective of the essay writing activity is to express one's own views, insights, and opinions. Students may do this either by reading other viewpoints. Regardless of the type of essay they choose, they should choose a topic that they will relate to. Some topics include language usage, cultural references, sociology, social studies, politics, economics, and world issues. Students should consider choosing a topic that best fits their learning style, which will facilitate their learning.It is possible to create a Grade Argumentative Essay from an existing essay. Students may choose to rework their essay to fit the requirements of the Grade Argumentative Essay example. Furthermore, they can also find pre-formatted Word documents on the Internet that can be easily modified to suit their needs. Students can select the templates they want in order to fulfill the requirements of their essay. Additionally, these templates are very useful in order to quickly create an essay that is quality-controlled and formatted in a timely manner.Students will have plenty of opportunities to rework their essay once they have completed it. In addition, it is also important to le arn about Grade Argumentative Essay sample formats and writing styles so that the students will be able to effectively express their ideas using short statements and simple sentences. Furthermore, they can use these essays as a learning tool by applying their own skills to improve their academic performance.The purpose of Grade Argumentative Essay sample is to provide students with powerful examples that they can use in writing their own essays. The writer should write about specific examples of social behaviors and their consequences. Students should focus on examples that are relevant to the essay topic. For example, if a student is writing about anti-Semitic policies in the United States, he or she should not rely solely on examples about Jewish people. Instead, he or she should compare the policies of the United States to other countries.One of the most challenging tasks for students to undertake in the Grade Argumentative Essay sample is that of writing a convincing conclusion. When writing the conclusion, the writer should make a clear and concise statement, supporting his or her position using evidence. Before writing the conclusion, students should remember that it is imperative to place in context. The reason for this is that a student's written statement must match the thesis statement that he or she has already presented. Students can further enhance their writing skills by practicing making connections between two or more different examples in the beginning and end of the essay.Of course, any essay should be enjoyed by both the writer and the reader. Thus, it is important to be sensitive in the way the writer writes. Furthermore, it is also important to take note of what makes an essay successful. Grade Argumentative Essay sample writers should also be aware of the various qualities that are required in essay writing.

Understanding Cross

Understanding Cross Summary The article by Fink, Neyer and KÃ ¶lling (2007) presents a comprehensive research on cross-cultural management. The paper explores the variations in culture and how the variations affect managers and employees in a managerial environment. The paper brings out the incidences of management that emerge from cross-cultural variations. The paper approaches the issue from a theoretical concept using the Parsons and Shils’ theory of action.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Understanding Cross-Cultural Management Interaction specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Three fundamental issues of cross-cultural management are explored in the article. These are cross-cultural standards of management, the impact of cross cultural attributes on personality traits, and the managerial dimensions of managing in a cross-cultural environment. The article develops a model of management that can help in enhancing management and adj usting employees and managers in a cross-cultural context of management (Fink, Neyer KÃ ¶lling, 2007). Strengths The method of research that is used in the paper is quite comprehensive in the sense that it borrows from both literature and a deeper exploration of a theoretical concept to develop a cross-cultural model of management. The qualities of the sources used in the paper are of a desirable standard. The paper makes use of other resources to build up literature, resulting in comprehensive outcomes that are founded in the cross-cultural model of management that is developed by the researchers. The paper makes use of specific and limited sources in the literature. This helps the researchers to focus on the main issue that informs the research (Krishnaswamy, Appa Mathirajan, 2006). The multilevel perspective that is taken in the article is desirable; that is, exploration of cultural dimensions of cross-cultural management, the cross-cultural standards of management and the imp acts of cross-culture on personality traits of manager and employees. It helps in the development of relational concepts of cross-cultural management, thus making the deductions more comprehensive in scope. The other feature that is important in this research is the summarization of literature under each mini-research into a conceptual perspective. This implies the value and the critical contribution of literature, making the research to attain the exploratory attribute (Mitchell Jolley, 2013). Weakness The researchers did not limit the research questions, a factor that works negatively when it comes to narrowing down of the research topic. However, the research questions in the article are specific. This aided the researchers to focus on the main goals of the research. The literature is quite limited and seems insufficient when it comes to development of deductions or recommendations that are universal. The researchers ought to have expanded the research in order to broaden the sc ope of the research (Mitchell Jolley, 2013). Why the article is critical to human resource managers The contemporary managerial environment has increasingly become complex due to globalization and its impact on management. Cross-cultural perspectives are, therefore, quite common in the contemporary managerial environment. The article presents a comprehensive research into the cross-cultural antecedents of management. The concept of cross-cultural management developed in the article can be aped and replicated in organizations that are going international in their operations.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Human resource managers find it complex to manage organizations that draw people from diverse cultures of management. This is analyzed in the article. Reading the article can, therefore, help human resource managers to identify the aspects of variations of cultur e in their organizations and develop effective tactics of dealing with the problems of adapting and managing in culturally diverse environments (Tjosvold, 2003). References Fink, G, Neyer A., KÃ ¶lling, M. (2007). Understanding cross-cultural management interaction. International Studies of Management Organization, 36(4), 38-60. Krishnaswamy, K. N., Appa, L. S., Mathirajan, M. (2006). Management research methodology: Integration of principles, methods and techniques. New Delhi: Pearson Education. Mitchell, M. L., Jolley, J. M. (2013). Research design explained. Australia: Wadsworth Cengage Learning. Tjosvold, D. (2003). Cross-cultural management: Foundations and future. Aldershot: Ashgate.

Native American Stereotypes in Film and Television

Native American Stereotypes in Film and Television The 2013 remake of â€Å"The Lone Ranger,† featuring Native American sidekick Tonto (Johnny Depp), renewed concerns about whether the media promotes stereotypical images of Native Americans. In film and television, American Indians have long been portrayed as people of few words with magical powers. Often the Indians in Hollywood are dressed as â€Å"warriors,† which perpetuates the notion that Natives are savages. On the other hand, Native American women are depicted as beautiful maidens sexually available to white men. Collectively, the stereotypical images of American Indians in Hollywood continue to influence public perception of this racial group. Beautiful Maidens While the media often portrays Native American men as warriors and medicine men, their female counterparts are typically portrayed as beautiful Indian maidens. There is the maiden on the cover of Land O’ Lakes butter products, Hollywood’s various representations of  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Pocahontas† and Gwen Stefani’s controversial portrayal of an Indian princess for No Doubt’s 2012 music video for â€Å"Looking Hot.† Native American author Sherman Alexie tweeted that with the video No Doubt turned â€Å"500 years of colonialism into a silly dance song and fashion show.† Representations of Native American women as â€Å"easy squaws† have real-world consequences. American Indian women suffer from high rates of sexual assaults, often perpetrated by non-Native men. According to the book Feminisms and Womanisms: A Women’s Studies Reader, American Indian girls are also often subjected to derogatory sexual comments. â€Å"Whether princess or squaw, Native femininity is sexualized,† writes Kim Anderson in the book. â€Å"This understanding finds its way into our lives and our communities. Sometimes, it means constantly having to fend off the advances of people with an appetite for the ‘Other.’ It may involve a continual struggle to resist crass, sexualized interpretations of one’s being†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Stoic Indians Unsmiling Indians who speak few words can be found in classical cinema as well as in cinema of the 21st century. This representation of Native Americans paints them as one-dimensional people who lack the full range of emotions that other groups display. Adrienne Keene of the Native Appropriations blog says that portrayals of indigenous peoples as stoic can largely be traced to the pictures of Edward Curtis, who photographed American Indians in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. â€Å"The common theme throughout Edward Curtis’s portraits is stoicism,† Keene explains. â€Å"None of his subjects smile. Ever. †¦To anyone who has spent any time with Indians, you know that the ‘stoic Indian’ stereotype couldn’t be further from the truth. Natives joke, tease, and laugh more than anyone I know- I often leave Native events with my sides hurting from laughing so much.† Magical Medicine Men Like the â€Å"Magical Negro,† Native American males are often portrayed as wise men with magical powers in film and television shows. Usually medicine men of some sort, these characters have little function other than to guide white characters in the right direction. Oliver Stone’s 1991 film â€Å"The Doors† is a case in point. In this film about the famed rock group, a medicine man appears at key moments in Jim Morrison’s life to shape the singer’s consciousness. The real Jim Morrison may have really felt that he connected with a medicine man, but his thinking was likely influenced by Hollywood depictions of American Indians. In all cultures, there have traditionally been individuals with an impressive knowledge of the healing qualities of plants and herbs. Yet, Native Americans have been portrayed in film and television time and time again as medicine men who have no other purpose but to rescue hapless white people from harm. Bloodthirsty Warriors In films such as â€Å"The Last of The Mohicans,† based on James Fenimore Cooper’s book of the same name, there is no shortage of Indian warriors. Hollywood has traditionally portrayed Native Americans as tomahawk-wielding savages thirsty for the white man’s blood. These brutes engage in barbaric practices such as scalping and sexually violate white women. The Anti-Defamation League has attempted to set this stereotype straight, however. â€Å"While warfare and conflict did exist among Native Americans, the majority of tribes were peaceful and only attacked in self-defense,† the ADL reports. â€Å"Just like European nations, American Indian tribes had complex histories and relationships with one another that sometimes involved combat, but also included alliances, trade, intermarriage and the full spectrum of human ventures.† As the character, Thomas-Builds-the Fire notes in the film â€Å"Smoke Signals,† many First Nations peoples have no history of being warriors. Thomas points out that he came from a tribe of fishermen. The warrior stereotype is a â€Å"shallow† one the ADL asserts, as it â€Å"obscures family and community life, spirituality, and the intricacies inherent in every human society.† In the Wild and on the Rez In Hollywood films, Native Americans are typically found living in the wilderness and on reservations. In reality, considerable numbers of First Nations peoples live off the reservation and in major U.S. cities. According to Washington University in St. Louis, 60 percent of the Native American population lives in cities. The U.S. Census Bureau reports that New York, Los Angeles, and Phoenix boast the largest populations of Native Americans. In Hollywood, however, it’s rare to see an aboriginal character living in a metropolitan area.

Ethical argument smoking Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Ethical argument smoking - Essay Example Those who consider it justified ethically say that to smoke or not is individual’s decision and everybody has a right to decide for himself/herself. Smoking cigarettes is often considered to be a cause of other problems. There is need to find out how frequently smoking becomes the cause of more serious and condemnable habits like smoking heroin or marijuana. The optimal limit to which one can smoke plain cigarettes without causing substantial damage to one’s health should also be determined. I think that currently my topic is not narrow enough to write a detailed argument about it. I might need to narrow it down so that I collect facts and explore the topic from a particular aspect like the optimal level of plain smoking or smoking as a cause of heroin consumption etc. People who oppose my position would say that smoking is injurious to health, so it cannot be justified on any grounds. They would also say that smoking in private is also not acceptable since the activity does not yield a single positive result but does carry a lot of risks for the smoker. I can say that cigarettes are not the only thing that are injurious to health; there are many other activities that are injurious to health or environment but they are not taken as seriously e.g. alcohol consumption, drunk driving, and consumption of junk food. I can say that to smoke in private should be allowed because there is practically no way to stop an individual from smoking in private. Any amount of energy or resources invested in trying to stop people from smoking in private would go wasted. The readers would know that cigarettes are injurious to health and can be a cause of such conditions as lung cancer and mouth cancer. I would need to carry out some research to prove my readers that cigarettes are not as injurious to health as they are frequently assumed to be. I

Criminology Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Criminology - Research Paper Example Later Robert King Merton seized on this idea of anomie and further refined it into what we now know as Strain Theory. (Featherstone, 2003) This and other theories of criminology such a labeling, which is stereotyping someone with criminal behavior, all depend on environmental factors alone. However there is another side that is overlooked by environmental theories and that is the nature of the person involved in criminal behavior. This is the consummate debate between Nature versus Nurture. Do Criminals have an innate imprint from birth that lead them astray or are they created as a result of their environment? This paper will explore both sides of this issue, singling out strain theory as the environmental factor, and researching the genetic side, the innate behavior in human beings and its influence on behavior. Environmental Influence: Strain Theory This strain begins in early adulthood and adolescence, as children are exposed to the environment of everyday living. Those in poorer circumstance with less opportunity to achieve the goals they see presented in the media are often frustrated and anxiety ridden. "The social strain theory of delinquency is based on the idea that delinquency results when individuals are unable to achieve their goals through legitimate channels." (Sullivan & Wilson, 1995 p. 1) The most obvious example of this is the "Gangsta" culture that is often promoted on many levels as the way that those without the legitimate means may attain those goals. But this is nothing new, the deification of criminals certainly has been a recurring theme throughout history and the romanticizing of their crimes leads to an unrealistic portrayal of possibilities for the maturing adolescent. One of the earliest strains in the life of a juvenile is the search for legitimate employment. Again, dependent on circumstantial variables of education and cultural jobs may be difficult to find and lead to feeling of persecution and prejudice: Sociological accounts o ften note that delinquency is an invention of western industrialized society and the separation of childhood from the adult world of work. As job security becomes more precarious in western economies, and as adult unemployment linked to school failure becomes more common, the lasting significance of the counterschool subculture of delinquency in the life course may become more salient for some adults. (Hagan, 1997, p. 121) This "counterschool subculture" is perhaps one of the most deleterious results of the social strain concept. Difficulties in school are often one of the benchmarks of the evolving delinquent. First seen as the failure of the child or parent and then of the school system, these children often have no recourse but to find alternate means of attaining status and capital. "Several theories emphasize how stress or strain can motivate criminal behavior so strongly that possible constraints are ignored. Therefore age and crime may be related because many potential stress es or strains are age-linked." (Tittle & Grasmick, 1997, p. 321) On the microcosmic level of the young adult this can have many differing ramifications. An unsettling home environment often precipitates failure in school and exposure to abuse or neglect is often present in these conditions. These strains